The nurse is providing teaching for the family of a patient who has been newly diagnosed with Alzheimer disease (AD). Which statement by the family member indicates understanding of the teaching?
“Alzheimer disease affects memory but not personality.”
“With proper treatment, symptoms of this disease can be arrested.”
“The onset of Alzheimer disease is usually between 65 and 75 years.”
“Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive condition.”
The Correct Answer is D
A) “Alzheimer disease affects memory but not personality.”
While memory loss is one of the hallmark symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease, the condition also significantly impacts other cognitive functions, including personality and behavior. As the disease progresses, patients often experience changes in mood, behavior, and personality, such as increased irritability, depression, or aggression.
B) “With proper treatment, symptoms of this disease can be arrested.”
Currently, there is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease, and while some treatments (like cholinesterase inhibitors) can help manage symptoms temporarily or slow their progression, the disease itself is not arrestable. The goal of treatment is to manage symptoms and improve quality of life, but it cannot stop the disease from advancing.
C) “The onset of Alzheimer disease is usually between 65 and 75 years.”
While Alzheimer’s disease typically affects older adults, this statement is too narrow. Alzheimer’s disease can begin earlier, sometimes in individuals in their 50s or 60s, particularly in cases of early-onset Alzheimer’s. The average age of onset for most people is around 65, but there is variability.
D) “Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive condition.”
Alzheimer’s disease is indeed chronic (lasting for years) and progressive (it worsens over time). It gradually destroys brain cells, leading to a decline in cognitive function, including memory, thinking, and reasoning skills. This is the fundamental nature of the disease
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","C","E","F"]
Explanation
A) Bradycardia: Bradycardia is a common symptom of a cholinergic crisis. It results from excessive acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, which can overstimulate the parasympathetic nervous system, leading to a decrease in heart rate.
B) Rash: A rash is not a typical symptom of a cholinergic crisis. Rash might occur as a side effect of medications or other conditions, but it is not a hallmark feature of a cholinergic crisis in myasthenia gravis.
C) Vomiting: Vomiting is a potential symptom of a cholinergic crisis. It occurs due to the excessive stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system, which can cause gastrointestinal distress and nausea.
D) Fever: Fever is not typically associated with a cholinergic crisis, but it can occur if there is an underlying infection or other condition. A cholinergic crisis itself usually leads to symptoms like weakness and excessive salivation, not fever.
E) Weakness: Weakness is a hallmark symptom of a cholinergic crisis, as it results from overstimulation at the neuromuscular junction, leading to muscle fatigue and paralysis. This is similar to the symptoms of myasthenia gravis, but in a cholinergic crisis, the weakness is more profound.
F) Drooling: Drooling is another common symptom of a cholinergic crisis. Excessive acetylcholine can lead to excessive salivation due to overstimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A) Decreased blood pressure:
Isoproterenol (Isuprel) is a non-selective beta-adrenergic agonist that primarily stimulates beta-1 and beta-2 receptors. It causes vasodilation through beta-2 stimulation, but its predominant effect is increasing heart rate and cardiac output via beta-1 stimulation. This tends to result in an increase in blood pressure
B) Decreased heart rate:
Isoproterenol generally leads to an increase in heart rate because of its beta-1 adrenergic activity, which stimulates the heart's pacemaker cells. It is commonly used to treat bradycardia (slow heart rate).
C) Increased body temperature:
Although isoproterenol can lead to increased heart rate and blood flow, it does not directly cause a significant increase in body temperature. Temperature changes are more commonly seen with drugs affecting metabolism or those that induce fever.
D) Increased blood pressure:
Isoproterenol stimulates beta-1 receptors in the heart, leading to increased heart rate and cardiac output, which typically results in an increase in blood pressure. However, due to its beta-2 effects, there can be some vasodilation, which may counteract this effect slightly. Despite this, the overall effect of isoproterenol is typically an increase in blood pressure, especially in a shock setting, where improving circulation is critical.
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