The nurse is reinforcing discharge instructions to the client with pulmonary sarcoidosis. The nurse knows that the client understands the information if the client verbalizes which early sign of exacerbation?

A. Repeating the same question over and over: This behavior might indicate confusion or lack of understanding but is not a typical anticipated outcome of education. Effective education should lead to better understanding rather than repeated questions.

B. Awareness of COPD manifestations: An anticipated outcome of education for a client with COPD is increased awareness of their condition and its manifestations. This knowledge helps the client manage their symptoms and recognize exacerbations early.

C. Anxiety and restlessness: While some anxiety might be present, effective education aims to reduce anxiety by providing information and strategies for managing COPD. The goal is to increase confidence and knowledge, which can help mitigate anxiety.

D. Motivation and engagement of the client: While motivation and engagement are positive outcomes, they are not the primary focus of initial educational interventions. The primary goal is to ensure that the client is aware of their condition and understands how to manage it effectively.

A. Respiratory alkalosis: Respiratory alkalosis is more commonly associated with hyperventilation and is not directly linked to the physiological effects of a tension pneumothorax, where the primary concern is intrathoracic pressure changes.

B. Increased venous return: In tension pneumothorax, intrathoracic pressure increases significantly, compressing the great vessels and the heart, leading to decreased venous return, not an increase.

C. Decreased cardiac output: Tension pneumothorax causes a rise in intrathoracic pressure, which compresses the heart and great vessels, leading to decreased venous return and, consequently, reduced cardiac output. This is a critical finding and requires immediate intervention.

D. Dilated ventricles: Ventricular dilation is generally associated with chronic heart conditions, not acute issues like tension pneumothorax, where decreased filling pressures are more of a concern than dilation.