The nurse is reinforcing discharge instructions to the client with pulmonary sarcoidosis. The nurse knows that the client understands the information if the client verbalizes which early sign of exacerbation?

Fever

Weight loss

Fatigue

Shortness of breath

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Fever: Although fever can occur with various respiratory conditions, it is not the most specific early sign of an exacerbation in pulmonary sarcoidosis.

B. Weight loss: Weight loss is a more general symptom and not specifically indicative of an exacerbation of sarcoidosis.

C. Fatigue: Fatigue is a common symptom of sarcoidosis but is not necessarily an early sign of an exacerbation.

D. Shortness of breath: Shortness of breath is a significant early indicator of exacerbation in pulmonary sarcoidosis. It reflects worsening inflammation and granuloma formation affecting lung function.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Bradypnea, or abnormally slow breathing, is not typically associated with hypoxia. Hypoxia usually triggers an increase in respiratory rate (tachypnea) as the body attempts to take in more oxygen to meet its needs.
B. Cyanosis, a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes, is a key sign of hypoxia. It occurs when there is insufficient oxygen in the blood, leading to a darker color of deoxygenated hemoglobin. Cyanosis is most commonly observed in the lips, fingertips, and toes.
C. Pallor, or paleness of the skin, can occur in various conditions but is not specific to hypoxia. It is more commonly associated with anemia or shock rather than low oxygen levels in the blood.
D. Bradycardia, or a slower-than-normal heart rate, is not typically a manifestation of hypoxia. Instead, hypoxia often causes tachycardia as the body attempts to increase oxygen delivery to tissues by pumping blood more quickly.

A. Impaired carbon dioxide elimination due to shunting B. Decreased pulmonary arterial pressure due to ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch C. Hypoxemia due to dead space D. Decreased pulmonary compliance due to stiffness

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Impaired carbon dioxide elimination due to shunting: Shunting in ARDS affects oxygenation rather than carbon dioxide elimination. ARDS primarily results in impaired gas exchange due to inflammation and fluid accumulation in the alveoli, affecting oxygen rather than CO2.

B. Decreased pulmonary arterial pressure due to ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch: ARDS typically leads to increased pulmonary arterial pressure due to inflammation and decreased lung compliance. The V/Q mismatch contributes to impaired gas exchange, often resulting in elevated pulmonary arterial pressure rather than decreased.

C. Hypoxemia due to dead space: In ARDS, hypoxemia is primarily due to impaired gas exchange from damaged alveoli, not due to dead space. Dead space refers to areas where ventilation occurs without adequate blood flow, which is not the main issue in ARDS.

D. Decreased pulmonary compliance due to stiffness: ARDS is characterized by decreased pulmonary compliance due to the stiffness of the lung tissue caused by inflammation and edema. This decreased compliance makes lung expansion more difficult, which is a central feature of ARDS.

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The nurse is reinforcing discharge instructions to the client with pulmonary sarcoidosis. The nurse knows that the client understands the information if the client verbalizes which early sign of exacerbation?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is collecting data from a client who has a respiratory disorder and displays manifestations of hypoxia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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