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The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of an older adult client who has a urinary tract infection (UTI).

Which of the following findings should alert the nurse to a possible complication of UTI in older adults?

(Select all that apply.).

Elevated white blood cell count.

Decreased serum creatinine level.

Increased urine specific gravity.

Altered mental status.

Positive urine culture.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D,E

The correct answer is A, D, and E.

Here is why:.

A. Elevated white blood cell count.

This is a sign of infection and inflammation in the body, which can be caused by a UTI. An elevated white blood cell count can also indicate a complication of UTI such as pyelonephritis (kidney infection) or sepsis (blood infection) .

D. Altered mental status.

This is a common symptom of UTI in older adults, especially those with dementia or other cognitive impairments. UTIs can cause confusion, agitation, delirium, or behavioral changes in the elderly due to the effects of infection and inflammation on the brain .

E. Positive urine culture.

This is the definitive test to diagnose a UTI, as it identifies the type and number of bacteria present in the urine. A positive urine culture confirms the presence of a UTI and guides the appropriate antimicrobial treatment .

The other choices are wrong because:.

•.

B. Decreased serum creatinine level.

This is not a sign of UTI or its complications.

Serum creatinine is a measure of kidney function, and it usually increases when the kidneys are damaged or impaired. A decreased serum creatinine level may indicate other conditions such as liver disease, muscle wasting, or malnutrition .

•.

C. Increased urine specific gravity.

This is not a sign of UTI or its complications.

Urine specific gravity is a measure of urine concentration, and it usually increases when the body is dehydrated or has high levels of solutes in the urine. An increased urine specific gravity may indicate other conditions such as diabetes mellitus, heart failure, or dehydration .

Normal ranges for some of these tests are:.

• White blood cell count: 4,000 to 11,000 cells per microliter (mcL) of blood .

• Serum creatinine: 0.6 to 1.2 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) for men and 0.5 to 1.1 mg/dL for women .

• Urine specific gravity: 1.005 to 1.030 .

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The correct answer is A.“Do you drive your own car or use public transportation?.” This question is appropriate for the domain ofmode of transportation, which is one of the eight areas of occupational performance assessed by the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) Scale.The scale evaluates a person’s ability to engage in more complex activities thought necessary for functioning in community settings.

Choice B is wrong because it is not related to the domain of mode of transportation, but rather to the domain ofability to use a telephone.The scale asks about the person’s ability to operate a telephone, dial numbers, and answer calls.

Choice C is wrong because it is not related to the domain of mode of transportation, but rather to the domain ofshopping.The scale asks about the person’s ability to take care of all shopping needs independently, shop for small purchases, or need assistance with shopping.

Choice D is wrong because it is not related to the domain of mode of transportation, but rather to the domain ofmobility.The scale does not assess mobility directly, but it may be inferred from the person’s ability to travel by public transportation or car.

The Lawton IADLs Scale has a summary score that ranges from 0 (low function, dependent) to 8 (high function, independent) for women, and 0 to 5 for men.The score identifies areas of need in regard to care and support.

A. Follow up with the primary care provider regularly. B. Avoid alcohol and tobacco use C. Take over-the-counter sleeping pills as needed. D. Engage in physical and mental activities daily. E. Wear glasses and hearing aids if prescribed.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

The correct answer isA, B and D.

Here is why:.

• Following up with the primary care provider regularly can help detect and treat any medical conditions that may cause or contribute to delirium, such as infections, electrolyte imbalances, or medication side effects.

• Avoiding alcohol and tobacco use can prevent delirium caused by intoxication or withdrawal, as well as improve overall health and cognitive function.

• Engaging in physical and mental activities daily can help maintain brain health, prevent cognitive decline, and reduce stress and boredom that may trigger delirium.

Choice C is wrong because taking over-the-counter sleeping pills as needed can increase the risk of delirium, especially in older adults.Sleeping pills can cause confusion, drowsiness, memory impairment, and falls that may lead to delirium.Instead of sleeping pills, it is better to have good sleep habits such as uninterrupted sleep, avoiding caffeine and naps, and having a regular bedtime routine.

Choice E is wrong because wearing glasses and hearing aids if prescribed can help prevent delirium, not cause it.Sensory impairment such as poor vision and hearing can make a person more prone to delirium, as they may feel disoriented, isolated, or misunderstood.Wearing glasses and hearing aids can help improve communication, orientation, and awareness of surroundings.

Delirium is a serious change in mental abilities that results in confused thinking and a lack of awareness of one’s surroundings.It usually comes on fast and can be caused by various factors such as fever, infection, surgery, medication, or emotional distress.

Delirium can often be prevented.

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The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of an older adult client who has a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which of the following findings should alert the nurse to a possible complication of UTI in older adults? (Select all that apply.).

Nursing Test Bank

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A nurse is conducting a functional status assessment for an older adult client using the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) Scale. The nurse asks the client about his ability to use transportation. Which of the following questions is appropriate for this domain?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Explanation

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The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of an older adult client who has a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which of the following findings should alert the nurse to a possible complication of UTI in older adults? (Select all that apply.).

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of an older adult client who has a urinary tract infection (UTI).

Which of the following findings should alert the nurse to a possible complication of UTI in older adults?

(Select all that apply.).