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The nurse is talking with a couple at a community health fair who ask how cancerous tumors occur. Which pathophysiological process supports the nurse's reponse about cancer cells developement?

Cell division occurs with the replication of parent cell's DNA distributed to daughter cells with duplicated chromosomes.

Cells proliferate until a finite cell density is reached, which is determined by the availability of growth factors.

Abnormal cell growth that remains confined to its original location, without invading surrounding tissue or spreading.

Alteration of cellular genetics proliferates a mutated cell that progresses to surrounding and distant tissues.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Cell division occurs with the replication of parent cell's DNA distributed to daughter cells with duplicated chromosomes. This describes normal cell division (mitosis), not cancerous growth. In healthy cells, division is controlled, and errors are corrected by regulatory mechanisms.
B. Cells proliferate until a finite cell density is reached, which is determined by the availability of growth factors. Normal cells exhibit contact inhibition, meaning they stop dividing when they reach a certain density. Cancer cells ignore these regulatory signals and continue to grow uncontrollably.
C. Abnormal cell growth that remains confined to its original location, without invading surrounding tissue or spreading. This describes benign tumors, which do not spread. Cancerous (malignant) tumors, however, invade nearby tissues and can metastasize to distant organs.
D. Alteration of cellular genetics proliferates a mutated cell that progresses to surrounding and distant tissues. Cancer begins with genetic mutations that cause uncontrolled cell proliferation. As cancer progresses, cells invade surrounding tissues and may spread (metastasize) to distant sites via the blood and lymphatic systems. This is the defining characteristic of malignancy.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Accessibility to trauma care. In rural communities, access to trauma care is critical because emergency medical services (EMS) response times are often delayed due to long travel distances. Without nearby trauma centers, patients with life-threatening injuries, such as those from motor vehicle accidents or farm-related injuries, face higher mortality and morbidity rates. Ensuring rapid access to trauma care significantly improves survival outcomes.
B. Family planning center. While family planning services are important for reproductive health, they are not as immediately life-saving as access to trauma care in an emergency.
C. Annual health fair. Health fairs provide preventive education and screenings, which are beneficial but do not address immediate, life-threatening medical needs.
D. Weather-related disaster plan. While a disaster plan is important for emergency preparedness, trauma care is a more immediate and ongoing concern in rural settings, where high-risk injuries require timely medical intervention.

A. Continues to take a prescribed vitamin D supplement. B. Usually eats an additional serving of protein rich foods daily. C. Takes 1200 mg of an over-the-counter calcium supplement daily. D. Ate approximately 1,200 calories daily for the past two weeks.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Continues to take a prescribed vitamin D supplement. Vitamin D supplementation is recommended for older adults to support bone health and calcium absorption. This does not require additional follow-up.
B. Usually eats an additional serving of protein-rich foods daily. Adequate protein intake is essential for muscle maintenance and overall health in older adults. This is a positive nutritional habit and does not indicate a concern.
C. Takes 1200 mg of an over-the-counter calcium supplement daily. This is within the recommended daily intake for older adults (1,000-1,200 mg/day) to maintain bone health. Excess calcium intake should be monitored, but this amount alone does not require urgent follow-up.
D. Ate approximately 1,200 calories daily for the past two weeks. Older adults typically need at least 1,500-2,000 calories per day, depending on activity level and health conditions. A prolonged intake of only 1,200 calories per day may indicate malnutrition, unintentional weight loss, or inadequate nutrient intake, requiring further evaluation.

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The nurse is talking with a couple at a community health fair who ask how cancerous tumors occur. Which pathophysiological process supports the nurse's reponse about cancer cells developement?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The public health nurse is evaluating resources in a rural community. Which healthcare resource is most important to the community?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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