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The nurse is talking with a couple at a community health fair who ask how cancerous tumors occur. Which pathophysiological process supports the nurse's reponse about cancer cells developement?

Cell division occurs with the replication of parent cell's DNA distributed to daughter cells with duplicated chromosomes.

Cells proliferate until a finite cell density is reached, which is determined by the availability of growth factors.

Abnormal cell growth that remains confined to its original location, without invading surrounding tissue or spreading.

Alteration of cellular genetics proliferates a mutated cell that progresses to surrounding and distant tissues.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Cell division occurs with the replication of parent cell's DNA distributed to daughter cells with duplicated chromosomes. This describes normal cell division (mitosis), not cancerous growth. In healthy cells, division is controlled, and errors are corrected by regulatory mechanisms.
B. Cells proliferate until a finite cell density is reached, which is determined by the availability of growth factors. Normal cells exhibit contact inhibition, meaning they stop dividing when they reach a certain density. Cancer cells ignore these regulatory signals and continue to grow uncontrollably.
C. Abnormal cell growth that remains confined to its original location, without invading surrounding tissue or spreading. This describes benign tumors, which do not spread. Cancerous (malignant) tumors, however, invade nearby tissues and can metastasize to distant organs.
D. Alteration of cellular genetics proliferates a mutated cell that progresses to surrounding and distant tissues. Cancer begins with genetic mutations that cause uncontrolled cell proliferation. As cancer progresses, cells invade surrounding tissues and may spread (metastasize) to distant sites via the blood and lymphatic systems. This is the defining characteristic of malignancy.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Has hyperemia at the site of an acute local infection. Hyperemia (increased blood flow) is a sign of the body's normal immune response to infection. While the client has an infection, their immune system is still active, making them less vulnerable to new healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) compared to an immunosuppressed individual.
B. Recently received a series of adult immunizations. Vaccinations enhance the immune system and help protect against infections. This does not increase the risk of developing an HAI.
C. Lost ten pounds adhering to a low carbohydrate diet. Dietary changes alone do not significantly impact infection risk unless they lead to malnutrition. A 10-pound weight loss does not necessarily indicate a compromised immune system.
D. Receiving immune suppressant therapy for cancer. Immunosuppressive therapy weakens the immune system, making the client highly susceptible to HAIs. Cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiation, or corticosteroids, reduce the body's ability to fight infections, increasing the risk of hospital-acquired infections like pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and surgical site infections.

A. Offer a low sodium formula between breast feedings. B. Stimulate the infant during feedings to ensure adequate intake. C. Administer supplemental thyroid hormone daily. D. Monitor the infant's daily intake and weekly weight.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Offer a low sodium formula between breast feedings. Congenital hypothyroidism is not managed with dietary sodium restrictions. The priority is thyroid hormone replacement, not sodium intake adjustments.
B. Stimulate the infant during feedings to ensure adequate intake. Infants with congenital hypothyroidism may have poor feeding due to lethargy, but stimulation during feedings is not the primary intervention. The most critical aspect of care is thyroid hormone replacement to support normal growth and brain development.
C. Administer supplemental thyroid hormone daily. Lifelong thyroid hormone replacement with levothyroxine is essential to prevent intellectual disability and growth delays. Early and consistent treatment ensures normal neurological and physical development. Missing doses or delaying treatment can result in irreversible cognitive impairment.
D. Monitor the infant's daily intake and weekly weight. While monitoring growth and nutrition is important, it is secondary to ensuring proper thyroid hormone therapy, which directly affects metabolism, weight gain, and developmental outcomes.

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The nurse is talking with a couple at a community health fair who ask how cancerous tumors occur. Which pathophysiological process supports the nurse's reponse about cancer cells developement?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse identifies the hospitalized client in which situation as being at highest risk for the development of a healthcare associated infection (HAI)?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a young adult who reports uncontrolled acne vulgaris. Which pathological findings should the nurse observe on inspection of skin areas commonly affected in acne vulgaris?

A nurse working in a burn unit cares for clients with complicated body system responses. Which response describes the body's initial reaction to a severe burn injury?

The nurse is caring for a one-month-old infant admitted for suspected congenital hypothyroidism. Which diagnostic test results should the nurse report to the healthcare provider?

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