The nurse is talking with a couple at a community health fair who ask how cancerous tumors occur. Which pathophysiological process supports the nurse's reponse about cancer cells developement?
Cell division occurs with the replication of parent cell's DNA distributed to daughter cells with duplicated chromosomes.
Cells proliferate until a finite cell density is reached, which is determined by the availability of growth factors.
Abnormal cell growth that remains confined to its original location, without invading surrounding tissue or spreading.
Alteration of cellular genetics proliferates a mutated cell that progresses to surrounding and distant tissues.
The Correct Answer is D
A. Cell division occurs with the replication of parent cell's DNA distributed to daughter cells with duplicated chromosomes. This describes normal cell division (mitosis), not cancerous growth. In healthy cells, division is controlled, and errors are corrected by regulatory mechanisms.
B. Cells proliferate until a finite cell density is reached, which is determined by the availability of growth factors. Normal cells exhibit contact inhibition, meaning they stop dividing when they reach a certain density. Cancer cells ignore these regulatory signals and continue to grow uncontrollably.
C. Abnormal cell growth that remains confined to its original location, without invading surrounding tissue or spreading. This describes benign tumors, which do not spread. Cancerous (malignant) tumors, however, invade nearby tissues and can metastasize to distant organs.
D. Alteration of cellular genetics proliferates a mutated cell that progresses to surrounding and distant tissues. Cancer begins with genetic mutations that cause uncontrolled cell proliferation. As cancer progresses, cells invade surrounding tissues and may spread (metastasize) to distant sites via the blood and lymphatic systems. This is the defining characteristic of malignancy.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. It is the main structural component of the dermis which provides strength and elasticity. Collagen is the primary protein in the dermis, responsible for maintaining skin strength, firmness, and elasticity. Sun exposure damages collagen fibers, leading to wrinkles, sagging skin, and premature aging.
B. It increases skin elasticity with the aging process. Collagen production decreases with age, leading to reduced skin elasticity and increased wrinkle formation. Sun damage accelerates this process by breaking down collagen fibers.
C. It forms the ridges and valleys which provide traction for grasping objects and surfaces. Friction ridges (fingerprints) are formed by the dermal papillae, not collagen. They provide grip and are genetically determined.
D. It is an extensive network of blood vessels that regulates body temperature. The dermis contains a network of blood vessels for temperature regulation, but this function is not related to collagen. Instead, collagen provides structural support to the skin.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Developmental stage. While understanding the client’s psychosocial needs is important, the ability to perform daily activities and remain independent is more critical in determining the best living environment.
B. Functional capacity. The ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) is the most important factor in determining the appropriate living environment. Clients with limited mobility, cognitive decline, or difficulty managing self-care may require assisted living or skilled nursing care.
C. Age and gender. Age and gender alone do not determine the need for a particular living environment. Some older adults remain independent well into their later years, while others may require assistance at a younger age due to functional decline.
D. Medical diagnoses. While medical conditions influence care needs, they do not solely determine living arrangements. A client with a chronic illness who maintains functional independence may still live at home, whereas a client with minimal medical issues but significant functional decline may require assisted care.
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