The nurse is assessing a client's skin and notices a raised nodule on the right forearm that is tender and filled with purulent secretions. The healthcare provider diagnosed the abscess as a furuncle. Which pathological etiology places the client at risk for the development of a furuncle?

A. Developmental stage. While understanding the client’s psychosocial needs is important, the ability to perform daily activities and remain independent is more critical in determining the best living environment.
B. Functional capacity. The ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) is the most important factor in determining the appropriate living environment. Clients with limited mobility, cognitive decline, or difficulty managing self-care may require assisted living or skilled nursing care.
C. Age and gender. Age and gender alone do not determine the need for a particular living environment. Some older adults remain independent well into their later years, while others may require assistance at a younger age due to functional decline.
D. Medical diagnoses. While medical conditions influence care needs, they do not solely determine living arrangements. A client with a chronic illness who maintains functional independence may still live at home, whereas a client with minimal medical issues but significant functional decline may require assisted care.

A. Immediate allergic reaction mediated by sensitized mast cells. This describes a Type I hypersensitivity reaction, which is an immediate allergic reaction. It involves IgE antibodies and mast cell degranulation, leading to symptoms such as hives, anaphylaxis, and respiratory distress. Latex allergies can involve Type I reactions, but delayed hypersensitivity is a Type IV reaction.
B. Antigen-antibody complexes deposit in tissues activating inflammation. This describes a Type III hypersensitivity reaction, which involves immune complex deposition leading to inflammation, as seen in lupus or serum sickness. Latex allergies do not involve immune complex deposition.
C. T-cells sensitization initiates the macrophage release of cytokines causing a delayed reaction. This describes a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction, which is a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) mediated by T-cells rather than antibodies. In latex-induced delayed hypersensitivity, T-cells recognize latex proteins and release cytokines, leading to localized skin inflammation, rash, and itching, typically 24–48 hours after exposure.
D. Antibodies are formed against antigens on cell surfaces. This describes a Type II hypersensitivity reaction, which involves antibody-mediated destruction of cells, as seen in hemolytic anemia or blood transfusion reactions. Latex allergies do not involve direct antibody attack on cells.