The nurse is teaching a class on muscular coordination and explains it is the movement of what electrolyte that contributes to the process of muscle contraction and relaxation?
Magnesium.
Chloride.
Calcium.
Hydrogen.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
Magnesium plays a role in muscle relaxation but is not primarily responsible for muscle contraction. It helps in stabilizing the muscle membrane by acting as a natural calcium blocker. Deficiency in magnesium can lead to muscle cramps and spasms, but it does not directly cause muscle contraction and relaxation processes.
Choice B rationale
Chloride is an essential electrolyte involved in maintaining fluid balance and acid-base balance, but it does not directly influence muscle contraction and relaxation. It works in conjunction with sodium to regulate osmotic pressure and acid-base balance.
Choice C rationale
Calcium is crucial for muscle contraction. It is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum within the muscle cells and binds to troponin, causing a conformational change that allows actin and myosin to interact and generate contraction. During relaxation, calcium ions are pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Choice D rationale
Hydrogen ions are involved in pH balance and acid-base regulation but do not directly affect muscle contraction and relaxation. Excess hydrogen ions (acidosis) can impair muscle function, but they are not the primary factor in muscle contraction processes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Anticholinergic drugs do not cause pupil restriction; they relax the muscles around the eye, leading to dilation.
Choice B rationale
Decreased lacrimal secretions are a secondary effect of anticholinergics and not their primary purpose in ophthalmology.
Choice C rationale
Anticholinergics cause pupil dilation (mydriasis) by relaxing the muscles that constrict the pupil, allowing for a better examination of the eye's interior.
Choice D rationale
Sedation is not a primary effect of anticholinergics used in ophthalmology.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
It is not correct to say that women are more prone to adverse effects from medications than men. Adverse effects can vary based on individual responses, and gender is not the sole determinant.
Choice B rationale
Women of reproductive age are often excluded from early-phase drug trials due to the potential risks that experimental drugs could pose to developing fetuses. The reproductive risk needs to be carefully managed to avoid harm.
Choice C rationale
While it is true that drugs can affect women differently than men, this answer does not directly address the specific reason why women are excluded from Phase 1 studies, which is primarily due to the potential risks to reproductive health.
Choice D rationale
This is incorrect because drugs are not tested only on men because they are stronger. This statement is not scientifically accurate and does not reflect the principles of clinical trial design.
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