The nurse is teaching a class to a group of staff nurses about traumatic brain injury which condition would the nurse identify as having the highest risk of a fatal outcome within the first 24 hours post-injury?
Subdural hematoma
Diffuse axonal injury
Intracranial hemorrhage
Epidural hematoma
The Correct Answer is D
A. Subdural hematoma: Subdural hematomas develop more slowly and typically present a higher risk for delayed deterioration, but not usually within the first 24 hours.
B. Diffuse axonal injury: While severe, diffuse axonal injury typically causes a prolonged coma rather than immediate fatality within 24 hours.
C. Intracranial hemorrhage: This is severe but often depends on the size and location of the bleed.
D. Epidural hematoma: Epidural hematomas are associated with arterial bleeding and rapid deterioration due to increased intracranial pressure, making them the most fatal within 24 hours.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Thrombotic stroke. A thrombotic stroke develops more gradually and is not typically associated with such sudden and severe symptoms.
B. Embolic stroke. An embolic stroke is often associated with a known embolic source, such as a clot from the heart, and can present more suddenly, but without all the symptoms seen here.
C. Hemorrhagic stroke: Hemorrhagic strokes often present with a sudden, severe headache, vomiting, seizure activity, and high blood pressure. A fever may also develop due to increased intracranial pressure.
D. Transient ischemic attack (TIA). TIAs are brief and resolve within minutes to hours and do not typically cause seizures.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Urine glucose, high: High urine glucose would suggest hyperglycemia, typically seen in diabetes mellitus, not diabetes insipidus.
B. Urine specific gravity, 1.001: Diabetes insipidus results in excessive urine output with a low specific gravity (dilute urine), reflecting the inability to concentrate urine.
C. Urine output, 50 ml/hr: This is a relatively low urine output, which does not indicate diabetes insipidus. Diabetes insipidus is characterized by very high urine output, often greater than 3 liters per day.
D. Urine protein, high: High urine protein could suggest kidney disease or glomerular injury, not diabetes insipidus.
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