The nurse is teaching the client with hypernatremia about dietary restrictions. Which foods would the nurse tell them to avoid?

Milk and organ meats.

Cheese, lunch meats, and canned vegetables

Alcohol and fried foods

Green leafy vegetables and salt sub

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Milk and organ meats. These foods do not contain excessive sodium.

B. Cheese, lunch meats, and canned vegetables: These foods are high in sodium, which can worsen hypernatremia by increasing serum sodium levels. Processed meats and canned vegetables contain excess salt and preservatives.

C. Alcohol and fried foods. Alcohol can cause dehydration, but not necessarily high sodium levels.

D. Green leafy vegetables and salt substitutes. Green leafy vegetables are low in sodium, and some salt substitutes contain potassium, not sodium.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 38, HCO₃ 15: Metabolic acidosis (low HCO₃, normal PaCO₂).

B. pH 7.32, PaCO₂ 56, PO₂ 84, HCO₃ 26: The client has respirations of 8/min, which indicates hypoventilation → CO₂ retention → respiratory acidosis. pH 7.32 indicates acidosis. PaCO₂ 56 mmHg - Elevated CO₂ (hypercapnia), confirming respiratory acidosis. HCO₃ 26- Normal bicarbonate suggests that compensation has not yet occurred

C. pH 7.37, PaCO₂ 45, HCO₃ 24: Normal ABG values.

D. pH 7.48, PaCO₂ 32, HCO₃ 22: Respiratory alkalosis (low PaCO₂ due to hyperventilation, not hypoventilation).

A. Prepare the client for dialysis. B. Start an IV and run normal saline at 50m/hour. C. Repeat the electrolyte values later in the day D. Monitor urine output

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Prepare the client for dialysis: A potassium level of 8.3 mEq/L is critically high (normal range: 3.5–5.3 mEq/L), putting the client at immediate risk for life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias (e.g., ventricular fibrillation). Emergency dialysis is needed to remove excess potassium if other interventions (e.g., insulin, calcium gluconate) fail.

B. Start an IV and run normal saline at 50mL/hour: Fluid administration alone does not lower potassium quickly enough in a life-threatening situation.

C. Repeat the electrolyte values later in the day: Delaying treatment would increase the risk of cardiac arrest.

D. Monitor urine output: Although important, monitoring alone does not treat the emergency. Clients with acute renal failure often have little to no urine output.

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The nurse is teaching the client with hypernatremia about dietary restrictions. Which foods would the nurse tell them to avoid?

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