The nurse is working in an outpatient clinic. The clinic has been alerted that there is an outbreak of tuberculosis (TB). Which of the following clients entering the clinic today are most likely to have TB?

A 33-year-old daycare worker at a high-risk center.

A 54-year-old nurse working in a nursing home.

A 16-year-old female high school student.

A 43-year-old homeless man with a history of alcoholism.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   While daycare workers can be at risk for various infections, they are not typically considered at high risk for TB unless they are in close contact with TB-positive individuals. Therefore, this option does not present the highest likelihood of TB.
B.   This individual is at a moderate risk for TB, especially if they are caring for patients with known TB or are in an environment where TB may be more prevalent. However, nursing homes are more often associated with other infections rather than being primary sources for TB outbreaks.
C.   High school students are generally not at high risk for TB unless they have specific exposure or travel history. Without additional risk factors, this group does not exhibit a high likelihood of TB.
D.   This option represents the highest likelihood of TB. Homeless individuals are at increased risk for TB due to factors such as crowded living conditions, poor nutrition, and lack of access to healthcare.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. This statement describes glaucoma, not macular degeneration. Glaucoma is characterized by increased intraocular pressure that can lead to optic nerve damage and vision loss. It does not specifically pertain to damage of the macula or central vision.
B. This statement refers to conditions like astigmatism, where the cornea has an irregular shape, leading to blurred vision. It is not relevant to macular degeneration, which involves damage to the retina rather than the curvature of the cornea.
C. This statement accurately describes macular degeneration. The macula is the part of the retina responsible for sharp central vision, which is crucial for tasks like reading and recognizing faces. In macular degeneration, this area deteriorates, leading to loss of central vision.
D. This statement describes cataracts, where the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, leading to blurred vision. Cataracts and macular degeneration are distinct conditions, with different causes and impacts on vision.

A. Allow the client to verbalize feelings about having the white patches. B. Explain the patches will go away on their own in about 2 weeks. C. Instruct to rinse the mouth with diluted hydrogen peroxide and water daily. D. Notify the health care provider to obtain an antifungal medication.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. While it's important for clients to express their feelings and concerns, this intervention does not directly address the issue of the white patches or the potential infection. It may provide emotional support, but it does not contribute to resolving the clinical problem.
B. While some mild cases may resolve on their own, oral thrush often requires antifungal treatment, especially in immunocompromised patients or those on prolonged antibiotic therapy. Telling the patient that it will go away without treatment could lead to worsening symptoms and complications.
C. While oral hygiene is important, rinsing with diluted hydrogen peroxide is not the standard treatment for oral thrush. This method could cause irritation and may not effectively eliminate the fungal infection. Other rinses (like saline) might be more appropriate for general oral care but would not address the underlying candidiasis.
D. White, cheesy patches in the mouth suggest oral thrush, which is commonly treated with antifungal medications (such as fluconazole or nystatin).

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The nurse is working in an outpatient clinic. The clinic has been alerted that there is an outbreak of tuberculosis (TB). Which of the following clients entering the clinic today are most likely to have TB?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient diagnosed with macular degeneration asks the nurse to explain his condition. Which statement by the nurse best describes macular degeneration?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A client with pneumonia receiving antibiotic therapy reports white, cheesy patches in the mouth. Which intervention should the nurse implement?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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