The nurse preceptor is teaching the newly graduated nurse about the care and treatment of patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) who are on dialysis treatment. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

The CKD patient is likely to suffer from recurrent bouts of Diabetes Insipidus

The CKD patient's kidneys don't produce Erythropoietin, so they will receive shots to increase RBC production

The CKD patient is likely to be chronically hypokalemic

CKD patients will likely be chronically Hypercalcemic

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   Diabetes Insipidus is primarily related to issues with the production of vasopressin (ADH) or the body's response to it, which is not directly caused by CKD. CKD may lead to fluid retention and imbalances, but it does not typically cause recurrent bouts of diabetes insipidus.
B.   In CKD, the kidneys lose their ability to produce erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow. Patients often require erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) like erythropoietin injections to manage anemia associated with CKD.
C.   CKD patients are often hyperkalemic (high potassium levels) rather than hypokalemic. As kidney function declines, the kidneys struggle to excrete potassium, leading to elevated levels, which can cause serious complications.
D.   CKD patients often experience hypocalcemia (low calcium levels) due to several factors, including decreased activation of vitamin D and imbalances in phosphate levels. While some patients may experience transient hypercalcemia due to treatments or dietary factors, chronic hypercalcemia is not typical in CKD.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. PT (Prothrombin Time) and INR (International Normalized Ratio) are tests primarily used to evaluate blood coagulation and the effectiveness of anticoagulant therapy. While they can provide some insight into a patient's overall health, they are not specific indicators of inflammation.
B. CRP is a protein produced by the liver in response to inflammation. It is a well-established marker for detecting acute inflammation and is commonly used in clinical settings to assess inflammatory conditions.
C. ESR measures how quickly red blood cells settle at the bottom of a test tube. An elevated ESR is a classic indicator of inflammation in the body and is commonly used in diagnosing various inflammatory conditions.
D. Procalcitonin is a biomarker that can indicate bacterial infections and systemic inflammation. It is increasingly used in clinical practice to assess the severity of infection and inflammation, particularly in cases of sepsis.

A. "I will add high-protein foods or finger foods to my diet" B. 1 will drink up to 1 liter of liquid each day" C. "I will be sure to eat three large meals daily" D. "I will choose a diet high in fat to help gain weight"

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. This statement indicates a good understanding of nutritional needs. High-protein foods are essential for maintaining muscle mass and supporting immune function, particularly for individuals with HIV. Finger foods can also help if the client has a reduced appetite or difficulty with larger meals.
B. While hydration is important, 1 liter may not be sufficient for overall health, especially if the client is experiencing weight loss or other symptoms of dehydration. The nurse would typically recommend a higher intake, considering fluid needs can vary based on activity level and overall health.
C. This statement may not be optimal for weight gain. For someone struggling with weight maintenance, smaller, more frequent meals may be more beneficial than three large meals. Large meals might lead to fullness and decrease overall caloric intake, which can hinder weight gain efforts.
D. While fats can provide a high caloric density, a diet excessively high in unhealthy fats is not ideal. It’s important to focus on healthy fats (like avocados, nuts, and olive oil) rather than just increasing fat intake indiscriminately.

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The nurse preceptor is teaching the newly graduated nurse about the care and treatment of patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) who are on dialysis treatment. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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