The nurse prepares to begin a systematic assessment of a client's heart sounds. Upon positioning the stethoscope as seen in the picture, which should the nurse do first?

Listen for abnormal sounds.

Identify S1 and S2 heart sounds.

Move the stethoscope to the apical site.

Change to the bell of the stethoscope.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Listen for abnormal sounds. Before identifying abnormal sounds, it's essential to first establish a baseline by identifying the normal heart sounds (S1 and S2).

B. Identify S1 and S2 heart sounds. This is the correct first step in a systematic assessment of heart sounds. S1 ("lub") corresponds to the closure of the atrioventricular valves (mitral and tricuspid), while S2 ("dub") corresponds to the closure of the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic).

C. Move the stethoscope to the apical site. While the apical site is important for auscultating specific heart sounds, it's best to first identify S1 and S2 at the traditional auscultatory areas (aortic, pulmonic, tricuspid, and mitral).

D. Change to the bell of the stethoscope. The bell of the stethoscope is used to listen for lower-pitched sounds, but it's not typically used for identifying S1 and S2 heart sounds, which are higher-pitched.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Use an interpreter throughout the client's hospitalization. Consistently using an interpreter throughout the client's hospitalization ensures clear communication, improves understanding, and enhances the quality of care. However, this answer does not address the specific context of the health assessment interview.

B. Maintain eye contact with client when questions are asked. Maintaining eye contact with the client rather than the interpreter helps build rapport and shows respect and engagement with the client. This practice encourages the client to feel directly involved in the conversation, even though an interpreter is present, fostering a sense of trust and comfort.

C. Ask the interpreter to tell the client to write down questions. This option may be less effective if the client has limited literacy or is uncomfortable with writing. Additionally, it adds an unnecessary step that can complicate the communication process.

D. Give the interpreter a form that lists the interview questions. Providing the interpreter with a list of questions might help streamline the process but can depersonalize the interaction and reduce the engagement with the client. It is more effective for the nurse to ask questions directly and maintain communication with the client.

Correct Answer is ["9"]

Explanation

To determine the Apgar score for the newborn infant, we assess five parameters: heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color. Each parameter is scored from 0 to 2, with 2 being the highest score. Let's evaluate each parameter:

Heart rate: 150 beats/minute --> Score of 2.
Respiratory effort: Vigorous cry present --> Score of 2.
Muscle tone: Good muscle tone with total flexion --> Score of 2.
Reflex irritability: Quick reflex irritability noted --> Score of 2.
Color: Dusky and cyanotic skin color --> Score of 1.

Now, we sum up the scores: 2+2+2+2+1=92+2+2+2+1=9

Therefore, the Apgar score for this infant is 9.

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The nurse prepares to begin a systematic assessment of a client's heart sounds. Upon positioning the stethoscope as seen in the picture, which should the nurse do first?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is performing a health assessment interview with a client who does not speak fluent English and has obtained an interpreter. Which action should the nurse implement?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Correct Answer is ["9"]

Explanation

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