The nurse recognizes that a 4-year-old hospitalized child is exhibiting which characteristic of cognitive development, when the child tells the nurse it’s sad to be at home alone?

Egocentrism.

Magical thinking.

Centration.

Reversibility.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale

Egocentrism is a characteristic of cognitive development typically seen in the preoperational stage (2-7 years), where children believe everyone sees the world as they do. However, expressing sadness about being home alone does not specifically indicate egocentrism.

Choice B rationale

Magical thinking, also a characteristic of the preoperational stage, involves beliefs that thoughts can cause actions. Feeling sad about being home alone could be a manifestation of this, as the child might believe their sadness can change the situation.

Choice C rationale

Centration is the tendency to focus on one aspect of a situation and neglect others. The child’s statement does not provide evidence of centration.

Choice D rationale

Reversibility, the understanding that actions can be reversed, is a characteristic of the concrete operational stage (7-11 years)14. The child’s statement does not provide evidence of reversibility.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Seizures, confusion, and weakness are symptoms that a nurse should anticipate when assessing a child suffering from hypotonic hyponatremia with a sodium level below 114

mEq/L2. Severe hyponatremia can lead to cerebral edema, resulting in neurologic symptoms such as seizures and confusion.

Choice B rationale

Mild tingling and numbness in fingers are not typically associated with hyponatremia. These symptoms are more commonly associated with conditions affecting the nervous system or with electrolyte imbalances such as hypocalcemia.

Choice C rationale

Frequent urination and fluid retention are not typical symptoms of hyponatremia. They are more commonly associated with conditions such as kidney disease or heart failure.

Choice D rationale

A temperature of 96°F orally and drowsiness are not specific symptoms of hyponatremia. While drowsiness can occur with severe hyponatremia due to cerebral edema, a low body temperature is not typically associated with this condition.

A. Position the infant on its abdomen. B. Offer the infant a pacifier. C. Encourage the parents to hold and comfort the infant. D. Administer Ibuprofen as needed for pain.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Positioning the infant on its abdomen after a cleft lip repair is not recommended. This position can put pressure on the surgical site and may lead to complications such as bleeding or infection.

Choice B rationale

Offering a pacifier to an infant who has just undergone a cleft lip repair is not advisable. The sucking motion can cause strain on the surgical site and may lead to complications such as dehiscence (separation of the wound edges) or infection.

Choice C rationale

Encouraging the parents to hold and comfort the infant is the best course of action. Holding provides comfort and security to the infant, which can help in reducing fussiness. Moreover, parental involvement in the care of the infant promotes bonding and has positive effects on the infant’s emotional and psychological well-being.

Choice D rationale

Administering Ibuprofen as needed for pain is not the best option. While Ibuprofen is a good analgesic, it is not the first choice for pain management in infants due to the risk of side effects. Moreover, pain management should be individualized, considering the infant’s age, weight, overall health status, and the nature and extent of the surgery.

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The nurse recognizes that a 4-year-old hospitalized child is exhibiting which characteristic of cognitive development, when the child tells the nurse it’s sad to be at home alone?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a child who is suffering from hypotonic hyponatremia with a sodium level below 114 mEq/L. Which of the following symptoms will the nurse anticipate when assessing the child?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a fussy 2-month-old infant who is postoperative following surgical repair of a cleft lip. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is reinforcing teaching about nutritional considerations with the parents of a toddler.Which of the following statements by the parents indicates an understanding of the teaching?

The nurse is conducting physical assessments for a group of children at a local wellness clinic. Which child requires further evaluation?

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