The nurse recognizes that a 4-year-old hospitalized child is exhibiting which characteristic of cognitive development, when the child tells the nurse it’s sad to be at home alone?

Choice A rationale

Working on catching a bounced ball is an age-appropriate activity for a 7-year-old child. This activity helps develop motor skills and hand-eye coordination.

Choice B rationale

Purchasing a jumping rope is an age-appropriate activity for a 7-year-old child. Jumping rope helps improve physical fitness, coordination, and timing.

Choice C rationale

Encouraging a 7-year-old child to ride his tricycle indicates a need for further teaching. At this age, most children have the balance and coordination necessary to ride a two-wheeler bike.

Continuing to ride a tricycle may limit the development of these skills.

Choice D rationale

Running is a great activity for a 7-year-old child. It helps improve cardiovascular fitness and physical strength. Playing chase adds an element of fun and can also help develop social skills.

Choice A rationale

Dehydration in infants can be a serious medical concern if not addressed quickly. It can be caused by various factors such as vomiting or diarrhea, or if the baby is not nursing well. The most common signs of dehydration in babies include concentrated urine that looks very dark yellow or orange, constipation, dry lips, dry mouth, dry mucous membranes, excessive sleepiness, irritability, less than six wet diapers in a 24-hour period, no interest in taking a bottle or breastfeeding, no tears when crying, paleness, sunken fontanelle (soft spot) on their head, and wrinkled skin. If the nurse observes these signs and symptoms in the infant, along with the intake and output record from the previous 8 hours, the nurse might determine that the patient is dehydrated during the shift.

Choice B rationale

If the infant shows signs of improvement such as increased urine output, normal skin turgor, moist mucous membranes, and the infant is alert and active, then the nurse might determine that the patient is improving as anticipated. However, without specific details about the infant’s condition, it’s difficult to definitively say that this is the case.

Choice C rationale

Fluid volume excess, also known as fluid overload, occurs when the body has too much water and electrolytes. Symptoms can include swelling in the hands, feet, ankles, or abdomen, weight gain, high blood pressure, and shortness of breath. If the nurse observes these symptoms in the infant, along with the intake and output record from the previous 8 hours, the nurse might

determine that the patient has fluid volume excess. However, given the information provided, this does not seem to be the most likely scenario.

Choice D rationale

If the infant’s vital signs are stable, the infant is alert and active, and there are no significant changes in the infant’s condition, the nurse might determine that the patient’s condition is stable. However, without specific details about the infant’s condition, it’s difficult to definitively say that this is the case.