The nurse recognizes that chronic stress can lead to a variety of illnesses in a patient. This is primarily because:
chronic stress changes genetic structure.
physiologic responses that were originally adaptive become maladaptive over time.
the patient experiences a deficit of available corticosteroids and catecholamines
the patient loses psychologic energy while worrying about stress.
The Correct Answer is B
B. This statement aligns with the concept of allostatic load, which refers to the cumulative physiological toll that chronic stress places on the body over time. Initially, the body's stress response system (the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system) is designed to help individuals cope with acute stressors. However, when stress becomes chronic, these physiological responses can become dysregulated and maladaptive, leading to negative health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease, immune dysfunction, and mental health disorders.
A. Chronic stress has been associated with various changes in gene expression and epigenetic modifications. However, these changes typically occur over longer periods and are not the primary mechanism by which chronic stress leads to illness in most cases.
C. Chronic stress can lead to dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system, which are responsible for producing and regulating corticosteroids (such as cortisol) and catecholamines (such as adrenaline and noradrenaline). While acute stress typically results in increased production of these stress hormones, chronic stress can lead to desensitization and dysregulation of these systems, resulting in alterations in hormone levels and potential deficits in the availability of these stress mediators. However, deficits in corticosteroids and catecholamines are not the sole mechanism by which chronic stress leads to illness.
D. While chronic stress can certainly contribute to psychological fatigue and depletion of energy reserves, this is not the primary mechanism by which chronic stress leads to illness. The physiological responses to chronic stress, such as dysregulation of stress hormones, inflammation, and oxidative stress, are more directly linked to the development of various illnesses.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
D. This is the most appropriate technique for evaluating the success of teaching a client a psychomotor skill. A return demonstration involves the client independently performing the skill they have been taught while the nurse observes. This allows the nurse to assess the client's ability to execute the skill correctly, including aspects such as technique, coordination, and safety precautions. Additionally, the nurse can provide immediate feedback and correction if necessary, enhancing the client's learning experience.
A. While answering oral questions can assess the client's understanding of theoretical or conceptual knowledge, it may not effectively evaluate their ability to perform a psychomotor skill. Psychomotor skills involve physical actions and coordination, which cannot be adequately assessed through verbal responses alone.
B. Participating in a discussion group can facilitate sharing of experiences and perspectives among clients, but it may not be the most effective method for evaluating the client's ability to perform a psychomotor skill. Discussion groups are more suitable for exploring attitudes, beliefs, and understanding of concepts rather than assessing physical skills.
C. Written tests typically assess cognitive understanding and retention of information rather than the ability to perform psychomotor skills. While written tests can evaluate knowledge about the steps involved in a skill, they do not directly assess the client's ability to execute the skill itself.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]
Explanation
A. This action could pose a significant liability risk as it violates the standard of care, which includes providing thorough and accurate handoff communication to ensure continuity of care. Failing to provide a report before transferring a client to ICU could lead to miscommunication, errors in treatment, and compromised patient safety.
C. Documenting vital signs taken by another nurse is generally acceptable as long as the nurse ensures the accuracy of the information and documents according to institutional policies and standards. However, if the nurse knowingly documents false or inaccurate vital signs, it could pose a liability risk.
E. Using equipment with a frayed cord poses a significant liability risk as it could lead to electrical hazards, equipment malfunction, or patient injury. Nurses have a duty to ensure the safety and integrity of equipment used in patient care and should promptly report any defects or safety concerns to prevent harm to patients.
B. Completing the admission assessment is a standard nursing responsibility and is not inherently a liability risk. However, liability could arise if the assessment is incomplete, inaccurate, or not documented appropriately, leading to errors in care or failure to identify and address the client's needs
D. Calling the physician to request an order for pain medication is a routine nursing responsibility and is not inherently a liability risk. However, liability could arise if the nurse fails to communicate important information about the client's condition or medication history, resulting in inappropriate or unsafe prescribing practices.
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