The nurse recognizes that chronic stress can lead to a variety of illnesses in a patient. This is primarily because:

chronic stress changes genetic structure.

physiologic responses that were originally adaptive become maladaptive over time.

the patient experiences a deficit of available corticosteroids and catecholamines

the patient loses psychologic energy while worrying about stress.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

B. This statement aligns with the concept of allostatic load, which refers to the cumulative physiological toll that chronic stress places on the body over time. Initially, the body's stress response system (the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system) is designed to help individuals cope with acute stressors. However, when stress becomes chronic, these physiological responses can become dysregulated and maladaptive, leading to negative health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease, immune dysfunction, and mental health disorders.
A. Chronic stress has been associated with various changes in gene expression and epigenetic modifications. However, these changes typically occur over longer periods and are not the primary mechanism by which chronic stress leads to illness in most cases.
C. Chronic stress can lead to dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system, which are responsible for producing and regulating corticosteroids (such as cortisol) and catecholamines (such as adrenaline and noradrenaline). While acute stress typically results in increased production of these stress hormones, chronic stress can lead to desensitization and dysregulation of these systems, resulting in alterations in hormone levels and potential deficits in the availability of these stress mediators. However, deficits in corticosteroids and catecholamines are not the sole mechanism by which chronic stress leads to illness.
D. While chronic stress can certainly contribute to psychological fatigue and depletion of energy reserves, this is not the primary mechanism by which chronic stress leads to illness. The physiological responses to chronic stress, such as dysregulation of stress hormones, inflammation, and oxidative stress, are more directly linked to the development of various illnesses.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B. This statement demonstrates an understanding of palliative care as a supportive approach focused on optimizing independence and quality of life. Palliative care emphasizes symptom management, psychosocial support, and enhancing functional abilities to enable patients to live as fully and independently as possible, even in the context of a progressive neurologic disease. This statement aligns with the principles of palliative care, which aim to empower patients to make choices and maintain control over their lives.
A. This statement reflects a perception of palliative care as solely placing the responsibility of care on the family. While family support is an essential component of palliative care, it is not the sole responsibility of the family. Palliative care aims to provide comprehensive support to patients with serious illnesses, addressing physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs. It involves a collaborative approach involving healthcare professionals, patients, and their families to ensure holistic care and quality of life.

C. This statement suggests a misconception about palliative care, equating it with relinquishing control of care decisions to a partner or caregiver. In reality, palliative care emphasizes patient-centered decision-making and supports patients in expressing their preferences, values, and goals of care. While caregivers play an important role in the palliative care team, ultimate decision-making authority rests with the patient, and care plans are tailored to align with the patient's wishes and priorities.
D. This statement reflects a misunderstanding of palliative care as a replacement for disease-specific medical care, such as neurology. Palliative care is not mutually exclusive with disease-focused treatment but rather complements it by addressing the broader physical, emotional, and social needs of patients with serious illnesses, including progressive neurologic diseases. Palliative care can be provided concurrently with disease-specific treatments and involves a multidisciplinary team, which may include specialists like neurologists, to ensure comprehensive care.

A. Battery B. Negligence C. Assault D. Felony

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B. Negligence refers to the failure to exercise reasonable care that results in harm to another person. It occurs when a healthcare provider fails to perform their duties according to the standard of care expected in their profession, leading to injury or harm to the patient. In the scenario described, the failure to follow orders for turning and positioning, resulting in pressure injuries, is an example of negligence. Negligence can result from actions (acts of commission) or omissions (acts of omission).
A. Battery refers to the intentional harmful or offensive touching of another person without their consent. In healthcare, battery may occur if a medical procedure is performed on a patient without their informed consent or if a procedure goes beyond the scope of what was consented to. In the context of the scenario provided, the development of pressure injuries due to inadequate turning and positioning is not an example of battery because it does not involve intentional harm.

C. Assault refers to the intentional threat of harm or the creation of fear of imminent harm in another person. In healthcare, assault may occur if a healthcare provider threatens a patient with harm or performs a procedure without their consent, creating fear or apprehension in the patient. In the context of the scenario provided, the development of pressure injuries due to inadequate turning and positioning is not an example of assault because it does not involve intentional threats or actions creating fear in the patient.
D. A felony is a serious criminal offense punishable by imprisonment or death. It typically involves actions that are considered extremely harmful or dangerous to society. The scenario described does not involve actions that rise to the level of a felony offense.

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The nurse recognizes that chronic stress can lead to a variety of illnesses in a patient. This is primarily because:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with an exacerbation of a progressive neurologic disease. The nurse recognizes that the client understands palliative care when the client states:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client develops pressure injuries because turning and positioning were not done as ordered. The nurse is aware that this is an example of which type of liability?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client will require IV antibiotics for several weeks. Which venous access device would be most appropriate to be used for this client?

A client is receiving an intravenous (IV) solution over a short amount of time to replace volume losses. The nurse understands that this IV solution is most likely to be:

A client has been recently diagnosed with terminal cancer. The client states, "This cannot be happening to me." The nurse identifies that the client is in what stage of grieving process?

A client is admitted with a suspected opioid overdose and a respiratory rate of 6 breaths per minute. Which of the following data would the nurse anticipate? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

The nurse knows the fecal output will be more solid from a stoma created from which area of the bowel?

A nurse discovers that the physician has prescribed a higher than recommended dose of a medication for a client. Which is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take?

The nurse is assessing a client's sleep patterns. Which statement made by the client would require additional questioning by the nurse? "My partner tells me that: