The nurse recognizes which of the following tests will confirm the diagnosis of tuberculosis for a client?

Sputum culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Tuberculin (PPD) skin test

Acid-fast bacillus smear

Chest X-ray

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason:

A sputum culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the definitive test for diagnosing tuberculosis (TB). This test involves collecting a sputum sample and culturing it to detect the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that cause TB. It is considered the gold standard for confirming active TB infection.

Choice B reason:

The Tuberculin (PPD) skin test, also known as the Mantoux test, is used to screen for TB infection. It can indicate whether a person has been exposed to TB bacteria, but it cannot confirm active TB disease. A positive result requires further testing, such as a sputum culture, to confirm the diagnosis.

Choice C reason:

An acid-fast bacillus (AFB) smear is a quick test that can detect the presence of mycobacteria in a sputum sample. While it can provide a preliminary indication of TB, it is not definitive. A positive AFB smear must be followed by a sputum culture to confirm the diagnosis.

Choice D reason:

A chest X-ray can show abnormalities in the lungs that are suggestive of TB, such as cavities or infiltrates. However, it cannot confirm the diagnosis on its own. Chest X-rays are used in conjunction with other tests, such as sputum culture and AFB smear, to diagnose TB.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Exercise is a well-known trigger for asthma, particularly exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). During physical activity, especially in cold or dry air, the airways can narrow, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing. Proper management and pre-exercise medication can help mitigate these effects.

Choice B reason:

Pollen is a common allergen that can trigger asthma symptoms. Pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds can cause allergic reactions that lead to asthma exacerbations. Seasonal variations in pollen levels can significantly impact individuals with asthma, making it important to monitor pollen counts and take preventive measures.

Choice C reason:

Animal dander, which consists of tiny flakes of skin shed by cats, dogs, and other animals, is a frequent asthma trigger. Proteins found in the dander, saliva, and urine of pets can cause allergic reactions and asthma symptoms. Reducing exposure to pets and maintaining a clean environment can help manage this trigger.

Choice D reason:

Emotional stress can also trigger asthma symptoms. Stress and strong emotions can lead to hyperventilation and changes in breathing patterns, which can exacerbate asthma. Stress management techniques and relaxation exercises can be beneficial in controlling asthma symptoms related to emotional stress.

Choice E reason:

Recent travel abroad is not typically considered a common trigger for asthma. While travel can expose individuals to different environmental factors and allergens, it is not a direct trigger like the other options listed. However, it is important for individuals with asthma to plan and prepare for travel to manage their condition effectively.

A. “Try to go as long as possible before you press the button.” B. “Instruct your family or visitors to press the button for you when you are sleeping.” C. “Push the button every 15 minutes whether you feel pain at that time or not.” D. “Push the button when you begin to feel pain, instead of waiting until the pain becomes worse.”

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Telling the patient to “try to go as long as possible before you press the button” is not advisable. PCA devices are designed to allow patients to manage their pain effectively by administering medication as soon as they begin to feel discomfort. Delaying the use of the PCA can lead to uncontrolled pain, which can be more difficult to manage later.

Choice B reason:

“Instruct your family or visitors to press the button for you when you are sleeping” is incorrect and potentially dangerous. Only the patient should press the PCA button to ensure that they are receiving the medication when they actually need it. Allowing others to press the button can lead to overmedication and serious side effects.

Choice C reason:

“Push the button every 15 minutes whether you feel pain at that time or not” is also incorrect. PCA devices are intended to be used on an as-needed basis. Pressing the button at regular intervals without experiencing pain can result in unnecessary medication administration and potential overdose.

Choice D reason:

“Push the button when you begin to feel pain, instead of waiting until the pain becomes worse” is the correct instruction. This approach helps to manage pain more effectively by preventing it from becoming severe. Early intervention with pain management can lead to better overall outcomes and patient comfort.

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The nurse recognizes which of the following tests will confirm the diagnosis of tuberculosis for a client?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which of the following would the nurse discuss as common triggers for a client newly diagnosed with asthma? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

What information would be important for the nurse to reinforce when teaching a pre-operative client about the correct use of the patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device to achieve the best outcome?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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