The nurse refers an older adult client for further evaluation after the nurse assesses warm skin and brown pigmentation around the ankles. The nurse suspects which of the following?
Dependent edema
Stasis ulceration
Arterial occlusion
Venous insufficiency
The Correct Answer is D
A. Dependent edema is characterized by swelling in the lower extremities due to gravity and may not always present with pigmentation changes.
B. Stasis ulceration involves ulcerative lesions typically occurring on the lower legs, often associated with venous insufficiency, but the pigmentation alone does not confirm ulceration.
C. Arterial occlusion typically presents with symptoms such as pain, pallor, and decreased pulses, not necessarily with warm skin and brown pigmentation.
D. Venous insufficiency is characterized by symptoms such as warm skin, brown pigmentation around the ankles (due to hemosiderin deposition from blood pooling), and swelling.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
C. Ventricles: After blood is received by the atria, it flows through the atrioventricular (AV) valves into the ventricles.
A. Chordae tendineae: These are the tendinous cords that anchor the AV valves but are not the structures where blood flows.
B. Precordium: This term refers to the area of the chest wall over the heart, not a chamber of the heart where blood flows.
D. Semilunar valves: These valves are located between the ventricles and the arteries (pulmonary and aortic) and are not the immediate next location for blood after the atria.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Second or third intercostal space at the left sternal border: Erb's point is located here, and it's a key area for listening to heart sounds, particularly the aortic and pulmonic valves.
B. The second intercostal space at the right sternal border: This area is typically used to auscultate the aortic valve.
C. Fifth intercostal space near the left midclavicular line: This area is used to auscultate the mitral valve, not Erb's point.
D. Third intercostal space at the left sternal border: This is the location for listening to the pulmonic valve, not Erb's point.
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