The nurse reviews the CD4 cell count of a client who is HIV-positive. A result less than which count would indicate to the nurse that the client has AIDS?

1,000 cells/mm3

700 cells/mm3

450 cells/mm3

200 cells/mm3

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. 1,000 cells/mm3:

A CD4 cell count of 1,000 cells/mm3 is within the normal range for a healthy individual. In HIV-positive individuals, a CD4 count at this level would generally indicate that the immune system is functioning well and has not been significantly compromised by the virus. Therefore, a CD4 count of 1,000 cells/mm3 would not suggest a diagnosis of AIDS.

B. 700 cells/mm3:

Similarly, a CD4 cell count of 700 cells/mm3 is also within the normal range for immune function. While this count may be lower than the typical CD4 count in a healthy individual, it is still considered relatively high and would not indicate immune compromise to the extent seen in AIDS.

C. 450 cells/mm3:

A CD4 cell count of 450 cells/mm3 is also within a range that suggests the immune system is functioning reasonably well. While it may be lower than normal, it is not at a level indicative of severe immune suppression characteristic of AIDS.

D. 200 cells/mm3:

When the CD4 cell count drops below 200 cells/mm3, it indicates significant immune suppression and an increased risk of opportunistic infections. This threshold is used to diagnose AIDS in HIV-positive individuals. At this level, the immune system is severely compromised, leaving the individual vulnerable to various infections and diseases associated with AIDS.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Mammogram

A mammogram is typically the next step in the diagnostic process when a breast lump is detected during a clinical breast examination. Mammography allows for further evaluation of the lump and surrounding breast tissue to determine its characteristics, such as size, shape, and density. It is an important tool for detecting breast abnormalities, including masses and calcifications, which can help in diagnosing breast cancer.

B. Hormone receptor status

While hormone receptor status testing may be part of the diagnostic workup for breast cancer, it is usually not the immediate next step after discovering a breast lump during a clinical examination. Hormone receptor status testing is typically performed after a confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer to guide treatment decisions, such as the use of hormone therapy.

C. Fine-needle aspiration

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) may be used in conjunction with other diagnostic tests, such as mammography or ultrasound, to further evaluate a breast lump. However, it is not typically the first step in the diagnostic process, especially if a lump is found during a clinical breast examination. FNA involves using a thin needle to extract cells or fluid from the lump for examination under a microscope to determine if it is benign or malignant.

D. Genetic testing for BRCA

Genetic testing for BRCA mutations is typically not the immediate next step after finding a breast lump during a clinical examination. Genetic testing for BRCA mutations is usually recommended for individuals with a strong family history of breast or ovarian cancer or those who meet specific criteria based on personal or family history. It is not typically the initial diagnostic step in evaluating a breast lump.

A. alcohol B. caffeine C. chocolate D. nicotine

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Alcohol:

Metronidazole interacts with alcohol, leading to a disulfiram-like reaction. This reaction can cause unpleasant symptoms such as flushing, headache, nausea, vomiting, and rapid heart rate. It's crucial for clients taking metronidazole to avoid consuming alcohol to prevent these adverse reactions.

B. Caffeine:

There are no known significant interactions between metronidazole and caffeine. Therefore, clients taking metronidazole do not typically need to avoid caffeine-containing products.

C. Chocolate:

There are no known significant interactions between metronidazole and chocolate. Therefore, clients taking metronidazole do not typically need to avoid chocolate consumption.

D. Nicotine:

There are no known significant interactions between metronidazole and nicotine. Therefore, clients taking metronidazole do not typically need to avoid nicotine consumption, such as smoking or using nicotine replacement products.

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The nurse reviews the CD4 cell count of a client who is HIV-positive. A result less than which count would indicate to the nurse that the client has AIDS?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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