When performing a clinical breast examination, which would the nurse do first?

Inspect the breasts.

Palpate the axillary area.

Compress the nipple for a discharge.

Palpate the breasts.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Inspect the breasts:

Inspecting the breasts visually is usually the first step in a clinical breast examination. The nurse observes the size, shape, symmetry, and skin characteristics of the breasts, including any visible abnormalities such as dimpling, puckering, or changes in skin texture or color.

B. Palpate the axillary area:

Palpating the axillary (underarm) area is typically done after inspecting the breasts. This allows the nurse to assess for any enlarged lymph nodes or palpable masses in the axillary region, which could indicate pathology or breast cancer metastasis.

C. Compress the nipple for a discharge:

If there are concerns about nipple discharge, this step may follow breast palpation. By gently compressing the nipple, the nurse can assess for any abnormal discharge, such as bloody or spontaneous discharge, which may warrant further investigation.

D. Palpate the breasts:

Palpating the breasts is usually performed after visual inspection and axillary palpation. During breast palpation, the nurse systematically examines each breast using circular motions with varying pressure to detect any lumps, masses, or areas of tenderness. This thorough palpation helps identify any abnormalities within the breast tissue.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Hepatitis:

- Hepatitis viruses (such as hepatitis B and hepatitis C) primarily affect the liver and are not directly associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections can lead to liver inflammation, cirrhosis, and liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma), but they do not specifically increase the risk of cervical cancer.

B. Human papillomavirus (HPV):

- Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is strongly associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer. HPV is a sexually transmitted virus that can infect the cells of the cervix, leading to cellular changes that may progress to cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer over time. Persistent infection with high-risk strains of HPV, particularly HPV types 16 and 18, is a major risk factor for the development of cervical cancer.

C. Cytomegalovirus (CMV):

- Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus in the herpesvirus family. While CMV infection can cause complications in certain populations, such as congenital CMV infection in infants born to mothers with primary CMV infection during pregnancy, it is not known to be directly associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer.

D. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV):

- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a herpesvirus that is best known for causing infectious mononucleosis (mono). EBV infection has been associated with certain types of cancers, such as Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, EBV infection is not directly linked to an increased risk of cervical cancer.

A. "Change your behavior so as not to trigger the violence." B. "Remember-children do best in two-parent families." C. "Give your partner more time to come around." D. "You are a good person, and you deserve better than this."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. "Change your behavior so as not to trigger the violence."

This statement is victim-blaming and places the responsibility for the violence on the victim. It suggests that the victim's actions or behavior are the cause of the violence they are experiencing, which is not true. This type of response can further disempower the victim and perpetuate a cycle of abuse by implying that they have control over the perpetrator's actions.

B. "Remember-children do best in two-parent families."

This statement is not only irrelevant but also potentially harmful. It implies that the victim should prioritize maintaining the family structure over their own safety and well-being. Additionally, it disregards the fact that exposure to domestic violence can have serious negative impacts on children's emotional and psychological development. Encouraging the victim to stay in an abusive relationship for the sake of the children is not empowering and fails to address the root issue of the violence.

C. "Give your partner more time to come around."

This statement minimizes the severity of the situation and suggests that the victim should be patient and wait for the perpetrator to change their behavior. It fails to recognize that domestic violence is a pattern of coercive control and manipulation, and waiting for the perpetrator to "come around" may put the victim at further risk of harm. Encouraging the victim to wait for change also implies that they do not have the right to safety and autonomy until the perpetrator decides to change, which is not empowering.

D. "You are a good person, and you deserve better than this."

This statement acknowledges the victim's inherent worth and validates their experience of abuse. It empowers the victim to recognize that they deserve to be treated with respect and dignity, and it encourages them to take action to protect themselves and seek help. By affirming the victim's worth and agency, this statement can help build their confidence and resilience, making it more likely that they will take steps to address the violence and seek support.

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When performing a clinical breast examination, which would the nurse do first?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A woman comes to the clinic for a routine checkup. After obtaining the client's history, the nurse identifies that the client is at increased risk for cervical cancer based on her history of exposure to which virus?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is working with a victim of violence. Which statement would be most appropriate to empower the victim to take action?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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