The nurse who works in a diabetes management clinic reviews several research articles to determine if individual or group education is the most effective teaching method for the clinic's clients.
Which study provides the best evidence?
A descriptive study that found a positive link between individual teaching and blood glucose levels.
A qualitative study that interviewed subjects and found that they preferred individual education.
A cost analysis study that determined group education was less costly than individual education.
A randomized controlled trial that concluded individual and group education achieve similar results.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice D rationale:
A randomized controlled trial that concluded individual and group education achieve similar results. Rationale: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard for assessing the effectiveness of interventions. In this case, an RCT concluded that individual and group education achieve similar results, providing strong evidence for decision-making in the diabetes management clinic.
Choice A rationale:
A descriptive study that found a positive link between individual teaching and blood glucose levels. Rationale: Descriptive studies provide valuable information but do not establish causal relationships. A positive link between individual teaching and blood glucose levels may suggest an association but does not necessarily demonstrate effectiveness.
Choice B rationale:
A qualitative study that interviewed subjects and found that they preferred individual education. Rationale: Qualitative studies explore preferences and experiences but do not typically provide evidence of effectiveness in terms of health outcomes or clinical practice.
Choice C rationale:
A cost analysis study that determined group education was less costly than individual education. Rationale: Cost analysis studies focus on economic aspects and cost-effectiveness but may not address clinical effectiveness or outcomes. The best evidence for clinical decision-making typically comes from RCTs.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Due to the clinical significance of this study's findings, both hospitals should replicate the study with clients in the progressive care unit. Rationale: Replicating the study in a different unit may not be necessary if the clinical significance of the findings is considered negligible. It would be more appropriate to focus on other areas of improvement rather than replicating the study.
Choice B rationale:
Although statistically significant results were found, the clinical significance was negligible, so this study should not prompt a change in current practice. Rationale: This choice provides the correct interpretation of the research findings. Statistically significant results do not always translate into clinically meaningful outcomes. In this case, while there was a statistical increase in nosocomial infection rates, the minimal impact on client complications suggests that there may not be a need for immediate changes in practice.
Choice C rationale:
Statistically significant findings place clients at Hospital A at higher risk for complications, so the intensive care unit needs to be closed and decontaminated. Rationale: Closing and decontaminating the intensive care unit is a drastic response that may not be warranted based on the study findings, which indicate minimal clinical impact.
Choice D rationale:
Nosocomial infection rates resulted in longer hospitals stays for clients at Hospital A, so re-training on infection control practices is warranted. Rationale: While infection control practices are important, the study findings do not directly indicate that re-training is warranted based on the minimal clinical impact of the increased infection rates.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice C rationale:
Phenomenological study of hardiness of clients with terminal diseases. Rationale: Qualitative research methodologies, such as phenomenology, are often used to explore and understand the lived experiences, perceptions, and meanings that individuals attach to specific phenomena. In this case, a phenomenological study is the most suitable approach to explore the "hardiness" (a subjective and experiential concept) of clients with terminal diseases.
Choice A rationale:
Descriptive study on coping mechanisms employed by family caregivers. Rationale: Descriptive studies typically aim to provide a comprehensive overview or description of a particular phenomenon. While this could involve qualitative data, the focus is on describing rather than deeply exploring subjective experiences, which is more aligned with quantitative methods.
Choice B rationale:
Prospective study on the long-term effects of chronic fatigue syndrome. Rationale: Prospective studies typically involve the collection of quantitative data over time to assess outcomes and relationships. Long-term effects of chronic fatigue syndrome may require quantitative measurements rather than in-depth exploration of experiences.
Choice D rationale:
Epidemiological study regarding AIDS infection rates in a community. Rationale: Epidemiological studies are primarily quantitative and aim to investigate patterns and determinants of disease in populations. This approach does not typically involve qualitative methods.
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