The nurse's auscultation of a client's lung fields reveals the presence of a wheeze. The nurse should recognize that this adventitious sound results from what pathophysiologic process?

Air being diverted from the trachea to the bronchi

Air passing through constricted passageways

Air increasing in turbulence in a wide passage

Air leaking from the alveoli into the pleural space

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Air being diverted from the trachea to the bronchi does not explain the cause of a wheeze. This is a normal part of airflow distribution.
B. Air passing through constricted passageways is correct. A wheeze is a high-pitched, musical sound that occurs when air flows through narrowed or obstructed airways, as seen in conditions like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or bronchitis.
C. Air increasing in turbulence in a wide passage is incorrect. Wheezing occurs due to airway narrowing, not widening.
D. Air leaking from the alveoli into the pleural space describes pneumothorax, which presents with absent breath sounds rather than wheezing.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. A solid, dark brown color alone is not necessarily indicative of melanoma. Melanomas often have multiple colors, including black, brown, blue, or red.
B. Asymmetric, irregular borders is correct. Melanoma lesions are often asymmetrical, with irregular, poorly defined borders. They also tend to have varied pigmentation and may change over time. The ABCDE rule (Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter >6mm, Evolution) is used to assess suspicious moles.
C. Flat with silvery scales describes psoriasis, not melanoma.
D. A diameter of 3 mm is smaller than the typical >6 mm size seen in melanoma.

A. The right lung is approximately one third larger than the left lung. B. The lower lobes of both lungs are primarily located toward the anterior chest wall. C. The right lung has three lobes, while the left lung has two lobes. D. The lungs are structurally symmetrical but functionally different.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. The right lung is larger than the left to accommodate the heart’s position, but it is not precisely one third larger.
B. The lower lobes of both lungs are primarily located toward the posterior chest wall, not the anterior. When auscultating breath sounds in the lower lobes, the nurse should focus on the posterior thorax.
C. The right lung has three lobes (upper, middle, and lower), while the left lung has two lobes (upper and lower). This anatomical difference is important for respiratory assessment and auscultation.
D. The lungs are not structurally symmetrical; the left lung is smaller due to the cardiac notch. While there are minor functional differences, the primary distinction is anatomical.

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The nurse's auscultation of a client's lung fields reveals the presence of a wheeze. The nurse should recognize that this adventitious sound results from what pathophysiologic process?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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