The parents of a 5-year-old state that the child has been having diarrhea for 24 hours, vomited twice 2 hours ago and is now claiming to be thirsty. The parent asks what to offer the child because they are refusing pedialyte. Select the most appropriate response from the nurse:
Pedialyte is the best thing for your child who, if thirsty enough, will eventually drink it.
Pedialyte is really the best thing for your child. Allow them some choice in the way to take it by offering small amounts in a spoon, medicine cup, syringe or popsicle.
You can offer small amounts of clear diet soda such as Sprite or ginger ale.
It really does not matter what your child drinks as long as it is kept down. Try offering small amounts of fluids in medicine cups.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: This statement is incorrect, as pedialyte is not the best thing for the child who is refusing to drink it, as it can cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. The nurse should not force the child to drink pedialyte, but rather offer alternatives that are more appealing and acceptable to the child.
Choice B reason: This statement is correct, as pedialyte is the best thing for the child who has diarrhea and vomiting, as it can prevent dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. The nurse should encourage the parent to give pedialyte to the child, but also respect the child's preferences and autonomy. The nurse should suggest different ways to make pedialyte more palatable and fun for the child, such as using a spoon, a medicine cup, a syringe, or a popsicle.
Choice C reason: This statement is incorrect, as clear diet soda is not a good option for the child who has diarrhea and vomiting, as it can worsen the dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. The nurse should advise the parent to avoid giving soda to the child, as it contains caffeine, sugar, and carbonation, which can irritate the stomach and intestines, and increase the fluid loss.
Choice D reason: This statement is incorrect, as it does matter what the child drinks, as some fluids can help or harm the child's hydration and electrolyte status. The nurse should educate the parent about the best and worst fluids for the child who has diarrhea and vomiting, and recommend pedialyte as the first choice. The nurse should also instruct the parent to give small and frequent amounts of fluids to the child, and to monitor the urine output, weight, and signs of dehydration.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Slowing the heart rate does not increase diastolic filling time. Diastolic filling time is the time during which the ventricles are relaxed and filling with blood. Slowing the heart rate would decrease the cardiac output and worsen the heart failure.
Choice B reason: Increasing urine output does decrease pulmonary congestion, but it is not the primary effect of Captopril. Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, which blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. This reduces the blood pressure and the afterload on the heart. Diuretics are the drugs that increase urine output and reduce fluid overload.
Choice C reason: This is the correct choice. Decreasing the afterload means reducing the resistance that the heart has to overcome to pump blood to the body. This lowers the blood pressure and the workload on the heart, which improves the cardiac function and reduces the symptoms of heart failure.
Choice D reason: Increasing serum potassium does not improve cardiac performance. In fact, high levels of potassium can cause cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. Captopril can cause hyperkalemia (high potassium) as a side effect, which is why patients on this drug need to monitor their potassium levels and avoid potassium supplements or salt substitutes.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: This statement is incorrect, as letting the child feed herself finger foods is not a risk factor for aspiration, but a way to promote self-feeding skills, independence, and appetite. The nurse should encourage the parents to offer the child a variety of soft, bite-sized, and nutritious foods, such as cooked vegetables, fruits, cheese, or bread, and to supervise the child during meals.
Choice B reason: This statement is correct, as giving whole milk is recommended for children between 1 and 2 years old, as it provides adequate fat, protein, calcium, and vitamin D for their growth and development. The nurse should advise the parents to give the child about 16 to 24 ounces of whole milk per day, and to avoid low-fat or skim milk until the child is 2 years old.
Choice C reason: This statement is incorrect, as delaying the introduction of foods which may cause allergies is not necessary or beneficial for the prevention of food allergies in children. The nurse should inform the parents that there is no evidence that avoiding certain foods, such as eggs, peanuts, or fish, can reduce the risk of food allergies, and that introducing these foods early, around 6 months of age, may actually prevent or reduce the severity of food allergies.
Choice D reason: This statement is incorrect, as transitioning to 1% milk is not advisable for children under 2 years old, as it does not provide enough fat and calories for their growth and development. The nurse should explain to the parents that low-fat or skim milk is not suitable for young children, as they need more fat for their brain and nervous system development, and that switching to 1% milk should only be done after consulting with the doctor.
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