The patient diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) states that they have developed purple, brown spots on their body. Which opportunistic infection does the nurse suspect?

Kaposi's Sarcoma

Candidiasis stomatitis

Cryptosporidiosis

Meningitis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Kaposi's Sarcoma is a cancer commonly associated with AIDS, characterized by purple or brown lesions on the skin and mucous membranes. It is linked to human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) and is often seen in immunocompromised individuals.

B. Candidiasis stomatitis involves oral or esophageal thrush, presenting as white patches rather than purple or brown lesions.

C. Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic infection causing severe diarrhea but does not manifest as skin lesions.

D. Meningitis can cause neurological symptoms and systemic infection but does not present with purple or brown skin spots.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. While lung injury could occur in traumatic situations, it is not the primary reason for mechanical ventilation in the context of a spinal cord injury.

B. A history of smoking may affect lung health but does not directly justify the immediate need for mechanical ventilation following a spinal cord injury.

C. The nerves that control lung function may be injured in a cervical spinal cord injury, particularly at higher levels like C3-C5, leading to respiratory muscle paralysis and necessitating mechanical ventilation to support breathing.

D. While unconsciousness may complicate breathing, the primary concern is the loss of function in the spinal cord nerves controlling respiration.

A. Scheduled voiding B. Intermittent catheterization C. Indwelling urinary catheter D. External catheter

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Scheduled voiding is less effective in patients with a flaccid bladder because there is no voluntary control of bladder function.

B. Intermittent catheterization is the preferred management technique for a flaccid or atonic bladder, allowing the bladder to empty at regular intervals and reducing the risk of infection associated with continuous catheters.

C. An indwelling catheter is usually avoided for long-term use due to a higher risk of infection.

D. An external catheter is generally not effective for flaccid or atonic bladder management in spinal cord injuries as it doesn’t actively empty the bladder.

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ABG Value	Normal Range
pH	7.35- 7.45
PaCO2	35-45 mm Hg
HCO3	22-25 mEq/L
Base excess	-2 to +2
PaO2	80-95 mm Hg
SaO2	>95%

The patient diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) states that they have developed purple, brown spots on their body. Which opportunistic infection does the nurse suspect?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient presents to the emergency department with a cervical spinal cord injury immediately after a motor vehicle crash. What should the nurse explain to the family as the reason for the patient being placed on mechanical ventilation? The:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a patient with a spinal cord injury who has a flaccid or atonic bladder. The nurse would provide discharge education to the patient and family regarding which bladder management technique?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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