The patient received regular insulin 10 units subcutaneously at 8:30 PM for a blood glucose level of 253 mg/dL. The nurse plans to monitor this patient for signs of hypoglycemia at which time related to the insulin's peak action?

11:30 PM

10:30 PM to 1:30 AM

12:30 AM to 8:30 AM

8:40 PM to 9:00 PM

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. While 11:30 PM is within the peak window, monitoring should extend through the entire peak period, not just one point in time.
B. If regular insulin is given at 8:30 PM, the peak action, when the risk of hypoglycemia is highest, would occur between 10:30 PM and 1:30 AM.
C. 12:30 AM to 8:30 AM extends beyond the peak and into the late duration phase.
D. 8:40 PM to 9:00 PM is too early for peak action; this is just after the onset.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Type 2 diabetes patients usually produce enough endogenous insulin to prevent ketosis, even during illness, but stressors like infection can trigger hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS)—a serious complication characterized by extreme hyperglycemia, dehydration, and altered mental status.
B. Ketoacidosis is more common in type 1 diabetes. Type 2 diabetics are less likely to develop it unless under severe metabolic stress and usually don’t need insulin strictly to prevent DKA.
C. Islet cell antibodies are found in type 1 diabetes, not type 2. Type 2 diabetes is not typically autoimmune.
D. Minimal or absent insulin secretion describes late-stage type 2 diabetes or type 1 diabetes. Many type 2 diabetics still produce insulin and may not require daily injections, especially early in the disease.

A. Contact inhibition B. Anaplasia C. Apoptosis D. Anchorage dependence

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Contact inhibition refers to the process where normal cells stop growing when they come into contact with other cells. Cancer cells often lose this ability and continue to proliferate despite contact.
B. Anaplasia refers to the loss of differentiation in cancer cells, making them look less like the normal cells from which they originated. This is not directly related to regulated cell death.
C. Apoptosis is the term for programmed cell death, a normal process where cells that are damaged or no longer needed die in a controlled manner. Cancer cells often evade apoptosis, allowing them to survive and proliferate uncontrollably.
D. Anchorage dependence refers to the need for cells to be anchored to a surface to divide. Cancer cells often lose anchorage dependence, allowing them to grow independently.

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The patient received regular insulin 10 units subcutaneously at 8:30 PM for a blood glucose level of 253 mg/dL. The nurse plans to monitor this patient for signs of hypoglycemia at which time related to the insulin's peak action?

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