The patient's family is asking questions about the medications used in the treatment for shock. The nurse explains that dopamine is one of the drugs being used and that it works:

(Select All that Apply.)

At high doses, to treat anaphylaxis.

At high doses, to increase cardiac output.

At low doses, to cause increased blood flow to the kidneys.

At low doses, to treat anaphylaxis.

To cause vasoconstriction and increase blood pressure.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,E

A. At high doses, to treat anaphylaxis: Dopamine is not used to treat anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is typically managed with medications such as epinephrine, antihistamines, and corticosteroids.

B. At high doses, to increase cardiac output: Dopamine is a medication commonly used in the treatment of shock, particularly in cases of hypotension. At higher doses, dopamine acts as a positive inotrope and increases cardiac contractility, thereby improving cardiac output and increasing blood pressure.

C. At low doses, to cause increased blood flow to the kidneys: At lower doses, dopamine primarily acts on dopaminergic receptors in the renal vasculature, leading to vasodilation of the renal blood vessels and increased renal perfusion. This can help improve renal blood flow and urine output, making it beneficial in cases of renal hypoperfusion or acute kidney injury.

D. At low doses, to treat anaphylaxis: Dopamine is not used to treat anaphylaxis at any dose. Anaphylaxis is managed with medications such as epinephrine, which acts on multiple receptors to reverse the systemic effects of the allergic reaction.

E. To cause vasoconstriction and increase blood pressure: Dopamine can also cause vasoconstriction, particularly at higher doses. This effect is mediated through its action on alpha-adrenergic receptors, leading to peripheral vasoconstriction and an increase in systemic vascular resistance, which in turn helps increase blood pressure.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) Increase dosing with a large meal:
Increasing the dosing with a large meal may not be appropriate as it could lead to overdosing and potential side effects. The dosage of pancrelipase should be determined by the healthcare provider based on the individual's needs and response to treatment. There's no evidence to support the need for increased dosing with larger meals.

B) Take the medication at least 2 hours prior to meals:
Taking the medication prior to meals may not be effective as the enzymes will not be available when food is consumed, which defeats the purpose of enzyme replacement therapy. The enzymes need to be present simultaneously with the food to aid in digestion. Waiting 2 hours before meals would mean the enzymes are not available when needed.

C) Take the medication with meals.
Pancrelipase, such as Cotazym, is a pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy used to aid in the digestion of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates in individuals with pancreatic insufficiency. Taking the medication with meals is crucial because it helps ensure that the enzymes are available to aid in the digestion of food. Without proper enzyme supplementation during meals, individuals with pancreatic insufficiency may experience malabsorption, leading to nutritional deficiencies and gastrointestinal symptoms.

D) Decrease fluid intake:
Decreasing fluid intake is not appropriate as it could lead to dehydration and may not have any significant impact on the efficacy of pancrelipase. In fact, adequate fluid intake is important for digestion and overall health. There's no indication that fluid intake needs to be decreased when taking pancrelipase.

A. The amount of blood pumped by the heart through the circulatory system in 1 minute. B. Smooth muscle movement of the GI tract by way of contractions. C. Neutralization by use of bicarbonate from pancreatic and biliary secretions. D. It is the process when food is broken down into molecules that can be absorbed.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) The amount of blood pumped by the heart through the circulatory system in 1 minute.
This statement describes cardiac output, which is the volume of blood pumped by the heart in one minute. Cardiac output is not directly related to the process of digestion.

B) Smooth muscle movement of the GI tract by way of contractions.
This statement describes peristalsis, which is the rhythmic contraction of smooth muscles in the GI tract that propels food and digestive contents through the digestive system. While peristalsis is an essential aspect of digestion, it does not encompass the entire process.

C) Neutralization by use of bicarbonate from pancreatic and biliary secretions.
This statement describes the role of bicarbonate in neutralizing stomach acid in the small intestine. Bicarbonate is released from pancreatic and biliary secretions to neutralize acidic chyme from the stomach, creating a more favorable environment for digestive enzymes to function. While this is an important aspect of digestion, it does not fully encompass the entire process.

D) It is the process when food is broken down into molecules that can be absorbed.
Digestion refers to the process by which food is broken down into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and utilized by the body. This process occurs in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and involves the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, as well as vitamins and minerals. These nutrients are then absorbed across the lining of the GI tract and transported to cells throughout the body for energy, growth, and repair.

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The patient's family is asking questions about the medications used in the treatment for shock. The nurse explains that dopamine is one of the drugs being used and that it works: (Select All that Apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which instruction is most appropriate for a client who is prescribed pancrelipase (Cotazym)?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is teaching a client about digestion. Which statement reflects that the client understands the teaching?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

What is the earliest sign of shock that the nurse would monitor for during a routine assessment?

A nurse is caring for a client who has asthma. The client asks the nurse how albuterol helps his breathing. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the response? (Select all that apply.)

What are the risk factors associated with peptic ulcer disease? (Select All that Apply.)

A nurse is assisting in the care of a client who is receiving a dopamine infusion at a low dose for treatment of shock. Which of the following findings is an expected effect of this medication?

A client presents with shock in the hospital, and has a history of a recent infection. What does the nurse suspect that this client is experiencing:

A nurse is caring for a client who has been taking oxymetazoline (Afrin) nasal spray for the past 10 days for allergic rhinitis. The nurse should monitor client for which of the following manifestations as an adverse effect of this medication?

A client has been diagnosed with pancreatic insufficiency. Which treatment option does the nurse anticipate for this client?

Patients should be advised not to overuse laxatives, because the smooth muscle in the colon can lose its tone. What condition should the nurse warn, the client can occur if this happens?

The patient's family is asking questions about the medications used in the treatment for shock. The nurse explains that dopamine is one of the drugs being used and that it works:

(Select All that Apply.)