The physician orders 3000 mL of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) to be infused from 1900 to 0700 hours. How many milliliters per hour should the IV pump be programmed for?

a) School-age child: While a school-age child is at risk for dehydration, their fluid and electrolyte imbalance risk is less than that of an infant due to greater reserve and more effective compensatory mechanisms.

b) Adolescent: Similar to the school-age child, an adolescent is at lower risk for severe fluid and electrolyte imbalances due to a better-developed system to handle fluid loss.

c) Young adult: While diarrhea can lead to dehydration in young adults, they are generally more capable of compensating for mild to moderate fluid losses compared to infants.

d) Infant: Infants are at the highest risk for severe fluid and electrolyte imbalance due to their smaller body size, higher fluid turnover, and less efficient compensatory mechanisms. Dehydration can develop quickly in infants.

a) Daily Weights: Daily weights are an important measure for assessing fluid status, as they can indicate fluid retention or loss.

b) Moisture of oral cavity: The moisture of the oral cavity can be an indicator of dehydration, which affects fluid balance.

c) Intake and Output: Monitoring intake and output is essential for assessing the balance of fluids and electrolytes.

d) Edema: Edema, or fluid retention, is a key sign of altered fluid and electrolyte status.

e) Listen: While listening to lung sounds or heart sounds may provide indirect information about fluid balance, the word "listen" alone is too vague and not a specific parameter for fluid and electrolyte assessment.

f) Skin turgor: Skin turgor is a sign of hydration status. Decreased turgor may indicate dehydration.