The public health nurse understands that which one is usually transmitted with petting zoos?

Choice A reason: Hugging spreads via contact, not a vector like mosquitoes. This errors per epidemiology standards. It’s universally distinct, not vector-borne transmission.

Choice B reason: Sharing a glass is direct contact, not vector-related. Mosquito bites are vectors. This misaligns with nursing knowledge. It’s universally distinct, off-mode.

Choice C reason: Placental spread is vertical, not vector-based like mosquitoes. This errors per public health definitions. It’s universally distinct, different transmission type.

Choice D reason: Mosquito bites are classic vector transmission for diseases. This fits epidemiology standards precisely. It’s universally recognized, distinctly accurate for vectors.

Choice A reason: Acquired immunity includes any immunity gained post-birth, like via vaccines or infection. It’s broad, encompassing this scenario, but less specific than active immunity, which details the body’s direct response to measles antigens, producing antibodies and memory cells for long-term protection explicitly.

Choice B reason: Active immunity occurs when vaccinations trigger the immune system to produce antibodies against measles virus antigens. This process, involving B and T cells, builds memory, offering lasting protection, distinguishing it from passive or natural methods by its active, self-generated response biologically and effectively.

Choice C reason: Herd immunity arises when most of a population is immune, reducing measles spread indirectly. Vaccination contributes, but this describes a community effect, not the individual immunity type gained directly from the shot, which is the question’s specific focus here distinctly.

Choice D reason: Natural immunity follows actual measles infection, not vaccination. It involves the body fighting the live virus, unlike the controlled antigen exposure from shots, which mimics this process artificially, making it less applicable to the immunity type described in this scenario fully.