The signs and symptoms (S&S) of respiratory failure may be identified in the patient who has a(n):

expiratory wheeze; PCO₂ 36

respiratory rate of 42; SO₂ 79%

respiratory rate of 24; pH 7.46

barking cough; PO₂ 90

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. An expiratory wheeze with a PCO₂ of 36 (within normal range) does not typically indicate respiratory failure.

B. A respiratory rate of 42 and a low oxygen saturation (SO₂) of 79% indicate hypoxemia and respiratory distress, which are hallmarks of respiratory failure.

C. A respiratory rate of 24 with a pH of 7.46 suggests mild hyperventilation or anxiety rather than respiratory failure.

D. A barking cough and a PO₂ of 90 are not indicative of respiratory failure; PO₂ of 90 is within normal limits.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Preload is typically increased in LHF, as blood backs up in the left side of the heart.

B. Although pleural effusion can occur as a secondary complication in some cases of heart failure, it is not as directly indicative of LHF as pulmonary edema.

C. Peripheral edema is more characteristic of right heart failure, where blood backs up in the systemic circulation.

D. Pulmonary edema is a hallmark finding in left heart failure as the left ventricle fails to pump effectively, causing fluid to accumulate in the lungs due to back pressure from the left atrium into the pulmonary veins.

A. "Reduced salt makes food taste less appealing, so you will lose weight, reducing your blood pressure." B. "A low-sodium diet has been shown to reduce blood pressure." C. "The blood volume will be decreased after a high intake of sodium." D. "Salt intake and smoking go together; reducing one helps with the other."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. While sodium reduction might indirectly impact weight in some cases, its primary role in blood pressure control is related to its effect on blood volume and vascular resistance.

B. Sodium reduction is proven to help reduce blood pressure by lowering blood volume and decreasing vascular resistance.

C. Sodium actually leads to fluid retention, which can increase blood volume and raise blood pressure, not decrease it.

D. There is no direct link between sodium intake and smoking habits; reducing sodium primarily affects blood pressure management independently of smoking.

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The signs and symptoms (S&S) of respiratory failure may be identified in the patient who has a(n):

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Explanation

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