The symptoms and signs of bowel obstruction are:

Abdominal pain and rectal bleeding.

Abdominal distention, pain, inability to have a bowel movement, and nausea/vomiting.

Dehydration, back pain, and fever.

Diarrhea and excessive thirst.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Abdominal pain and rectal bleeding are not the primary signs of a bowel obstruction. Rectal bleeding could be indicative of other gastrointestinal issues such as hemorrhoids, diverticulosis, or colorectal cancer. While abdominal pain is a symptom of bowel obstruction, rectal bleeding is not typically associated with it.

Choice B reason: The primary symptoms of bowel obstruction include abdominal distention, pain, inability to have a bowel movement, and nausea/vomiting. When a bowel obstruction occurs, the normal movement of intestinal contents is blocked, leading to a buildup of contents and gas. This results in abdominal distention and pain. The blockage also prevents the passage of stool and gas, causing constipation or inability to have a bowel movement. Nausea and vomiting are common as the digestive system tries to expel the contents that cannot pass through the obstruction.

Choice C reason: Dehydration, back pain, and fever are not the hallmark symptoms of bowel obstruction. While dehydration can occur due to vomiting and reduced intake, back pain is not commonly associated with bowel obstruction. Fever may indicate an infection or other complications but is not a primary symptom of bowel obstruction.

Choice D reason: Diarrhea and excessive thirst are not typical signs of bowel obstruction. In fact, bowel obstruction usually leads to constipation or the inability to pass stool rather than diarrhea. Excessive thirst could be a sign of dehydration but is not specific to bowel obstruction.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Dry mouth is a relatively minor side effect of statin medications and is generally not a cause for significant concern. While it can be uncomfortable and may affect oral health if persistent, it does not typically indicate a serious underlying condition.

Choice B reason: Diarrhea can be an inconvenient and uncomfortable side effect of statins, but it is not usually considered dangerous. It is important to manage it to prevent dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, but it is not as concerning as some other side effects.

Choice C reason: Muscle pain, also known as myalgia, is the most concerning side effect of statin medications like simvastatin. In rare cases, muscle pain can progress to a more serious condition called rhabdomyolysis, where muscle tissue breaks down rapidly, releasing a protein called myoglobin into the bloodstream. This can lead to kidney damage and, in severe cases, kidney failure. Therefore, any new or unexplained muscle pain should be promptly reported to a healthcare provider for evaluation.

Choice D reason: Headache is a common and generally mild side effect of many medications, including statins. While it can be bothersome, it is not typically indicative of a serious problem and is not considered as concerning as muscle pain related to statin use.

A. Measures to decrease LDL levels in the elderly would be unlikely to affect the progression of this disease. B. Increased LDL levels are indicative of moderate alcohol intake, and patients should be advised to abstain. C. Increased LDL levels are associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease. D. Elevated LDL levels are an expected finding in the elderly and therefore are not particularly significant.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Measures to decrease LDL levels in the elderly would indeed affect the progression of cardiovascular disease. Lowering LDL levels through lifestyle changes, medication, or both can significantly reduce the risk of further heart-related events and slow the progression of atherosclerosis. Therefore, this statement is incorrect because managing LDL levels remains crucial for elderly patients with a history of myocardial infarction.

Choice B reason: Increased LDL levels are not specifically indicative of moderate alcohol intake. While excessive alcohol consumption can affect lipid levels, the primary significance of elevated LDL is its association with the risk of cardiovascular disease, not alcohol intake. Therefore, advising patients to abstain from alcohol based solely on increased LDL levels is not a precise recommendation.

Choice C reason: Increased LDL levels are directly associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). LDL, often referred to as "bad cholesterol," contributes to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, which can lead to atherosclerosis. This condition narrows and hardens the arteries, increasing the risk of heart attacks and other cardiovascular events. Monitoring and managing LDL levels is crucial in preventing the progression of CAD, especially in patients with a history of myocardial infarction.

Choice D reason: Elevated LDL levels are not simply an expected finding in the elderly and should not be dismissed as insignificant. Regardless of age, high LDL levels are a significant risk factor for coronary artery disease and other cardiovascular conditions. Elderly patients, particularly those with a history of myocardial infarction, should have their LDL levels monitored and managed to reduce the risk of future heart-related events.

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The symptoms and signs of bowel obstruction are:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which side effect of statin medications like simvastatin should be the most concerning?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

While hospitalized, an elderly patient with a history of myocardial infarction was noted to have high levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). What is the significance of this finding?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A patient presents to a primary care provider reporting fever, headache, nuchal rigidity, and decreased consciousness. History includes a previously treated sinusitis. Which medical diagnosis is best supported by this assessment data?

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