The symptoms and signs of bowel obstruction are:
Abdominal pain and rectal bleeding.
Abdominal distention, pain, inability to have a bowel movement, and nausea/vomiting.
Dehydration, back pain, and fever.
Diarrhea and excessive thirst.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Abdominal pain and rectal bleeding are not the primary signs of a bowel obstruction. Rectal bleeding could be indicative of other gastrointestinal issues such as hemorrhoids, diverticulosis, or colorectal cancer. While abdominal pain is a symptom of bowel obstruction, rectal bleeding is not typically associated with it.
Choice B reason: The primary symptoms of bowel obstruction include abdominal distention, pain, inability to have a bowel movement, and nausea/vomiting. When a bowel obstruction occurs, the normal movement of intestinal contents is blocked, leading to a buildup of contents and gas. This results in abdominal distention and pain. The blockage also prevents the passage of stool and gas, causing constipation or inability to have a bowel movement. Nausea and vomiting are common as the digestive system tries to expel the contents that cannot pass through the obstruction.
Choice C reason: Dehydration, back pain, and fever are not the hallmark symptoms of bowel obstruction. While dehydration can occur due to vomiting and reduced intake, back pain is not commonly associated with bowel obstruction. Fever may indicate an infection or other complications but is not a primary symptom of bowel obstruction.
Choice D reason: Diarrhea and excessive thirst are not typical signs of bowel obstruction. In fact, bowel obstruction usually leads to constipation or the inability to pass stool rather than diarrhea. Excessive thirst could be a sign of dehydration but is not specific to bowel obstruction.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Red-orange colored bodily secretions are a well-known side effect of the medication rifampin, not isoniazid. Rifampin, often used in combination therapy for tuberculosis, can cause bodily fluids such as urine, sweat, and tears to turn a red or orange color. However, isoniazid does not cause this specific discoloration and is more commonly associated with different side effects.
Choice B reason: Tingling sensation in fingers and toes, also known as peripheral neuropathy, is a recognized side effect of isoniazid. This medication can interfere with the metabolism of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), leading to a deficiency that causes neuropathy. Patients taking isoniazid are often prescribed vitamin B6 supplements to prevent or mitigate this side effect. Peripheral neuropathy presents as tingling, numbness, or burning sensations, especially in the extremities, and taking vitamin B6 helps to alleviate these symptoms.
Choice C reason: Difficulty distinguishing the color red from green, or color blindness, is not a known side effect of isoniazid. Color vision deficiency is not typically associated with the use of isoniazid. Other medications, such as ethambutol, used in tuberculosis treatment can affect color vision, but isoniazid primarily causes peripheral neuropathy and liver toxicity rather than visual disturbances.
Choice D reason: Light sensitivity, or photophobia, is not commonly associated with isoniazid use. This symptom is more likely linked to conditions or medications affecting the eyes or central nervous system. Isoniazid's side effects are mainly related to liver toxicity and peripheral neuropathy, not to light sensitivity.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Bronchoconstriction refers to the narrowing of the airways in the lungs due to the contraction of the surrounding smooth muscle. This condition is typically associated with asthma or allergic reactions and is not directly related to Virchow's triad, which concerns factors leading to thrombosis (formation of blood clots).
Choice B reason: Pulmonary embolus is a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs, usually caused by blood clots that travel to the lungs from the legs or other parts of the body (deep vein thrombosis). Virchow's triad describes the three primary factors that predispose individuals to thrombosis: hypercoagulability (increased tendency of blood to clot), stasis of blood flow, and endothelial injury (damage to the blood vessel wall). These factors contribute to the formation of blood clots, which can ultimately result in a pulmonary embolus if they dislodge and travel to the lungs.
Choice C reason: Decreased pulmonary arterial pressure is not a consequence of the factors described in Virchow's triad. In fact, a pulmonary embolus can lead to increased pulmonary arterial pressure due to the obstruction of blood flow in the pulmonary arteries, which can strain the right side of the heart and lead to complications.
Choice D reason: Alveolar collapse, also known as atelectasis, occurs when the tiny air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) deflate or fill with fluid. This condition is typically due to reasons such as airway obstruction, surfactant deficiency, or lung compression, and is not directly related to the formation of blood clots described by Virchow's triad.
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