After starting an antiviral protease inhibitor, a patient with HIV telephones the nurse, complaining, "I'm so hungry and thirsty all the time! I'm urinating 10 or 12 times a day." The nurse recognizes these findings to be consistent with:
Nonadherence to the antiviral regimen
Allergic reaction
Pancreatic infiltration by HIV
Hyperglycemia
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason:
Nonadherence to the antiviral regimen could result in suboptimal control of the HIV infection, but it is not typically associated with symptoms of increased hunger, thirst, and frequent urination. Therefore, this choice does not explain the patient's symptoms.
Choice B reason:
An allergic reaction might cause a variety of symptoms, such as rash, itching, or swelling, but it would not typically cause increased hunger, thirst, and frequent urination. This choice is incorrect as it does not align with the presented symptoms.
Choice C reason:
Pancreatic infiltration by HIV is a rare and serious condition that can lead to various metabolic complications, but it is not a common cause of the specific symptoms described (increased hunger, thirst, and frequent urination). This choice is not consistent with the patient's symptoms.
Choice D reason:
Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, can cause symptoms like increased hunger, thirst, and frequent urination. These symptoms are indicative of diabetes, which can be a side effect of some antiviral medications, particularly protease inhibitors used in HIV treatment. Therefore, this choice accurately reflects the patient's symptoms and is the correct answer.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Arterial emboli from a heart valve are not the most common cause of myocardial ischemia. While emboli can obstruct blood flow and cause ischemia, they are a less common cause compared to atherosclerosis. Embolic events typically result from conditions like atrial fibrillation or valvular heart disease but do not account for the majority of myocardial ischemia cases.
Choice B reason:
Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of myocardial ischemia. It involves the buildup of plaque within the coronary arteries, leading to reduced blood flow and oxygen supply to the heart muscle. This condition is a leading cause of coronary artery disease and is responsible for the majority of myocardial ischemia cases.
Choice C reason:
Idiopathic vasospasm, although a cause of myocardial ischemia, is not as common as atherosclerosis. Vasospasm refers to the sudden constriction of a coronary artery, which can reduce blood flow to the heart muscle. However, it accounts for a smaller percentage of ischemia cases compared to the widespread prevalence of atherosclerosis.
Choice D reason:
Venous emboli are typically associated with conditions such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, affecting the venous circulation rather than the coronary arteries. They do not commonly cause myocardial ischemia, which primarily involves the coronary arteries and arterial blockages.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Amoxicillin is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections. It has no role in the management of atrial fibrillation, which is a cardiac rhythm disorder. Antibiotics do not address the prevention of thromboembolism or the control of heart rate or rhythm.
Choice B reason:
Reglan (metoclopramide) is a medication used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and gastroparesis. It does not have any indication for use in atrial fibrillation. The management of atrial fibrillation focuses on rate or rhythm control and anticoagulation.
Choice C reason:
Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) is an anticoagulant that is commonly prescribed for patients with atrial fibrillation to prevent stroke and systemic embolism. Since atrial fibrillation increases the risk of thromboembolism, anticoagulation is a crucial component of the treatment plan to reduce the risk of stroke.
Choice D reason:
Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to treat acid-related stomach issues such as GERD. It is not relevant to the management of atrial fibrillation. The primary concerns in managing atrial fibrillation are controlling the heart rate and preventing thromboembolism, which omeprazole does not address.
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