After starting an antiviral protease inhibitor, a patient with HIV telephones the nurse, complaining, "I'm so hungry and thirsty all the time! I'm urinating 10 or 12 times a day." The nurse recognizes these findings to be consistent with:

Nonadherence to the antiviral regimen

Allergic reaction

Pancreatic infiltration by HIV

Hyperglycemia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason:
Nonadherence to the antiviral regimen could result in suboptimal control of the HIV infection, but it is not typically associated with symptoms of increased hunger, thirst, and frequent urination. Therefore, this choice does not explain the patient's symptoms.
Choice B reason:
An allergic reaction might cause a variety of symptoms, such as rash, itching, or swelling, but it would not typically cause increased hunger, thirst, and frequent urination. This choice is incorrect as it does not align with the presented symptoms.
Choice C reason:
Pancreatic infiltration by HIV is a rare and serious condition that can lead to various metabolic complications, but it is not a common cause of the specific symptoms described (increased hunger, thirst, and frequent urination). This choice is not consistent with the patient's symptoms.
Choice D reason:
Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, can cause symptoms like increased hunger, thirst, and frequent urination. These symptoms are indicative of diabetes, which can be a side effect of some antiviral medications, particularly protease inhibitors used in HIV treatment. Therefore, this choice accurately reflects the patient's symptoms and is the correct answer.

Nursing Test Bank

Quiz #1: RN Exams Pharmacology Exams Quiz #2: RN Exams Medical-Surgical Exams Quiz #3: RN Exams Fundamentals Exams Quiz #4: RN Exams Maternal-Newborn Exams Quiz #5: RN Exams Anatomy and Physiology Exams Quiz #6: RN Exams Obstetrics and Pediatrics Exams Quiz #7: RN Exams Fluid and Electrolytes Exams Quiz #8: RN Exams Community Health Exams Quiz #9: RN Exams Promoting Health across the lifespan Exams Quiz #10: RN Exams Multidimensional care Exams

Get 100+ Naxlex Exit Exams for $79 Try Naxlex NCLEX-RN (14 Day Free-Trial)

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Quiz #1: Naxlex RN Comprehensive online practice 2019 B with NGN Quiz #2: Naxlex RN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 Quiz #3: Naxlex RN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 Exit Exam A Quiz #4: Naxlex HESI Exit LPN Exam Quiz #5: Naxlex PN Comprehensive Predictor PN 2020 Quiz #6: Naxlex VATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020 Quiz #8: Naxlex PN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 - Exam 1 Quiz #10: Naxlex HESI PN Exit exam Quiz #11: Naxlex HESI PN EXIT Exam 2

Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason:
Left ventricular heart failure can cause severe chest pain and elevated cardiac enzymes but is not as directly associated with elevated cardiac troponin levels as a myocardial infarction. The presence of elevated troponin levels specifically indicates myocardial cell injury, which is most consistent with an MI.

Choice B reason:
Unstable angina involves chest pain that is not relieved by rest and may indicate a higher risk for an MI. However, it typically does not result in elevated cardiac troponin levels unless there is actual myocardial damage. Elevated troponin is a marker for myocardial infarction rather than just unstable angina.

Choice C reason:
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the correct answer. Elevated levels of cardiac troponin are a key indicator of myocardial infarction as they reflect heart muscle damage. The patient's severe chest pain and elevated troponin levels strongly suggest that an MI has occurred.

Choice D reason:
Prinzmetal angina, or variant angina, is characterized by chest pain caused by coronary artery spasms. While it can cause significant pain, it does not typically lead to elevated cardiac troponin levels unless it results in myocardial damage, which is less common than in an MI.

A. Blood product transmission B. Perinatal transmission to fetus C. Airborne transmission D. Sexual transmission

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

Choice A reason:
HIV can be transmitted through blood products. This mode of transmission occurs when contaminated blood, used in transfusions or other medical procedures, carries the virus to another person. It is one of the primary ways HIV spreads, especially before strict blood screening protocols were implemented.
Choice B reason:
Perinatal transmission refers to the transmission of HIV from a mother to her fetus during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. This is a significant mode of transmission, particularly in regions with high HIV prevalence and limited access to antiretroviral therapy.
Choice C reason:
This choice is incorrect because HIV is not transmitted through airborne means. Unlike respiratory viruses, HIV requires direct contact with certain body fluids for transmission. Airborne transmission would imply that the virus could spread through the air, which is not the case with HIV.
Choice D reason:
Sexual transmission is a major route for HIV spread. The virus is present in bodily fluids such as semen, vaginal fluids, and rectal fluids. Unprotected sexual contact allows the virus to pass from one person to another, making this a crucial mode of HIV transmission.

View Question and Answer

Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.

Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today

After starting an antiviral protease inhibitor, a patient with HIV telephones the nurse, complaining, "I'm so hungry and thirsty all the time! I'm urinating 10 or 12 times a day." The nurse recognizes these findings to be consistent with:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A 75-year-old male has severe chest pain and dials 911. Lab tests at the hospital reveal elevated levels of cardiac troponin. Based upon the lab findings, the nurse suspects which of the following has occurred:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Which modes of transmission occur with HIV infection? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

The nurse is providing education to a patient who has been prescribed both an antacid and ranitidine (an H2 receptor blocker). Which instruction should the nurse give the patient about taking the medications?

A nurse reads in a drug information guide that PO (oral) morphine has a high first-pass effect. Which of the following statements would demonstrate the nurse's understanding of the first-pass effect?

A 52-year-old female presents with continuous abdominal pain that intensifies after eating. She is diagnosed with chronic pancreatitis. Contributing factors include:

A 65-year-old woman with no history of pulmonary or cardiovascular issues presents to the emergency department with nausea, fatigue, and fullness and pain of the abdomen. The nurse knows the assessment tests that will be ordered first will include:

A patient with a history of atherosclerosis complains of chest pain that is consistent at rest. The pain does not improve after sublingual Nitroglycerin. The likely cause of this pain is:

Which plasma lipoprotein level is most concerning when considering the risk of coronary atherosclerosis?

Which medication blocks the efflux (outflow) of potassium at the heart muscle?

Which valvular condition is characterized by the valve opening being constricted and narrowed, causing the valve leaflets, or cusps, to fail to open completely?