A person with acute pyelonephritis would most typically experience:

Anuria

Edema

Fever

Hypertension

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Anuria, which is the absence of urine production, is not a typical symptom of acute pyelonephritis. This condition usually presents with symptoms related to inflammation and infection of the kidneys rather than complete cessation of urine output.

Choice B reason: Edema, or swelling due to fluid accumulation, is more commonly associated with chronic kidney diseases or conditions like nephrotic syndrome. Acute pyelonephritis primarily involves an active infection and inflammation rather than fluid retention.

Choice C reason: Fever is a common and significant symptom of acute pyelonephritis. This condition is an infection of the kidneys that often presents with systemic signs of infection such as fever, chills, and malaise. Patients may also experience flank pain, nausea, and vomiting.

Choice D reason: Hypertension, or high blood pressure, can be seen in chronic kidney disease but is not a hallmark symptom of acute pyelonephritis. The acute infection of the kidneys primarily manifests with fever, pain, and urinary symptoms rather than elevated blood pressure.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Measures to decrease LDL levels in the elderly would indeed affect the progression of cardiovascular disease. Lowering LDL levels through lifestyle changes, medication, or both can significantly reduce the risk of further heart-related events and slow the progression of atherosclerosis. Therefore, this statement is incorrect because managing LDL levels remains crucial for elderly patients with a history of myocardial infarction.

Choice B reason: Increased LDL levels are not specifically indicative of moderate alcohol intake. While excessive alcohol consumption can affect lipid levels, the primary significance of elevated LDL is its association with the risk of cardiovascular disease, not alcohol intake. Therefore, advising patients to abstain from alcohol based solely on increased LDL levels is not a precise recommendation.

Choice C reason: Increased LDL levels are directly associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). LDL, often referred to as "bad cholesterol," contributes to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, which can lead to atherosclerosis. This condition narrows and hardens the arteries, increasing the risk of heart attacks and other cardiovascular events. Monitoring and managing LDL levels is crucial in preventing the progression of CAD, especially in patients with a history of myocardial infarction.

Choice D reason: Elevated LDL levels are not simply an expected finding in the elderly and should not be dismissed as insignificant. Regardless of age, high LDL levels are a significant risk factor for coronary artery disease and other cardiovascular conditions. Elderly patients, particularly those with a history of myocardial infarction, should have their LDL levels monitored and managed to reduce the risk of future heart-related events.

A. Hypercalcemia B. Hypocalcemia C. Hypophosphatemia D. Hypermagnesemia

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Hypercalcemia refers to high levels of calcium in the blood, but a positive Chvostek sign is not indicative of hypercalcemia. In fact, hypercalcemia generally results in symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, and nausea rather than the specific neuromuscular irritability seen with a positive Chvostek sign.

Choice B reason: Hypocalcemia refers to low levels of calcium in the blood and is associated with a positive Chvostek sign. The Chvostek sign is a clinical test where tapping on the facial nerve triggers twitching of the facial muscles. This occurs due to increased neuromuscular excitability caused by low calcium levels.

Choice C reason: Hypophosphatemia refers to low levels of phosphate in the blood. It is not directly associated with a positive Chvostek sign. While electrolyte imbalances can affect neuromuscular function, hypocalcemia is specifically linked to the Chvostek sign.

Choice D reason: Hypermagnesemia refers to high levels of magnesium in the blood and is not related to a positive Chvostek sign. Hypermagnesemia often causes symptoms such as muscle weakness, nausea, and hypotension rather than the neuromuscular irritability seen with a positive Chvostek sign.

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A person with acute pyelonephritis would most typically experience:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

While hospitalized, an elderly patient with a history of myocardial infarction was noted to have high levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). What is the significance of this finding?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A patient has a positive Chvostek sign. The nurse interprets this as a sign of:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Postrenal acute kidney injury may be caused by:

A patient presents to a primary care provider reporting chest pain and is diagnosed with stable angina and atherosclerosis. This disease is caused by:

Which are conditions that may be treated using beta blockers? (Select all that apply.)

A person with acute pyelonephritis would most typically experience:

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