To prevent the spread of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, the nurse is especially careful when:
Changing an IV
Disposing of food trays
Emptying bed pans
Taking an oral temperature
The Correct Answer is C
A. Changing an IV: This procedure involves standard precautions to avoid bloodborne infections, not primarily fecal-oral infections like hepatitis A. It is more relevant to viruses such as hepatitis B and C.
B. Disposing of food trays: While hygiene in food service is important, the nurse’s direct role in disposing of trays does not significantly contribute to HAV prevention. HAV is transmitted primarily through the fecal-oral route rather than leftover food on trays.
C. Emptying bed pans: Hepatitis A is spread via the fecal-oral route. Handling feces, especially without strict hand hygiene and appropriate protective equipment, poses a high risk for transmission. Therefore, careful attention is needed during this activity to prevent spread.
D. Taking an oral temperature: This involves mucosal contact but carries minimal risk of spreading hepatitis A, especially when using disposable covers and practicing standard precautions. It is not a primary concern for fecal-oral transmission.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Hemorrhage: Hemorrhage leads to significant blood loss, resulting in decreased blood volume and reduced renal perfusion, which is a common cause of prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI).
B. Cirrhosis: Cirrhosis can cause systemic vasodilation and reduced effective circulating volume, leading to decreased renal blood flow and prerenal failure due to impaired kidney perfusion.
C. Kidney disease: Kidney disease itself is an intrinsic (renal) cause of kidney failure, involving direct damage to the kidney tissue, rather than prerenal failure caused by decreased perfusion.
D. Narrowing of the blood vessels leading to the kidneys: Renal artery stenosis reduces blood flow to the kidneys, causing prerenal failure by impairing kidney perfusion despite adequate circulating volume.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Diverticulitis: This condition involves inflammation or infection of diverticula (small pouches) in the colon wall, typically presenting with localized pain and not characterized by “cobblestone” appearance or skipped lesions seen on colonoscopy.
B. Crohn's Disease: The description of “cobblestone” mucosa, skipped lesions, and thickened bowel walls resembling “lead pipes” are classic features of Crohn’s disease. It can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract and presents with patchy, transmural inflammation causing thickening and characteristic endoscopic findings.
C. Diverticulosis: This condition involves the presence of diverticula without inflammation. It does not cause the cobblestone or skipped lesion appearance seen in inflammatory bowel disease and is generally asymptomatic unless complicated by diverticulitis.
D. Ulcerative Colitis: This disease causes continuous inflammation usually starting in the rectum and extending proximally, leading to a loss of haustral markings but does not typically present with skipped lesions or a cobblestone appearance. The colon wall tends to be thin rather than thickened.
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