What are the characteristics of helper T cells?
They bind to infected cells and are activated by cytokines.
They activate B cells and produce small cells called cytokines
They destroy infected cells by producing proteins targeting cell membranes.
They are non-responsive during active infections.
The Correct Answer is B
A. They bind to infected cells and are activated by cytokines:
This describes cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ cells), which kill infected cells, not helper T cells.
B. They activate B cells and produce small cells called cytokines:
Helper T cells (CD4+ cells) stimulate B cells to produce antibodies and secrete cytokines to coordinate the immune response.
C. They destroy infected cells by producing proteins targeting cell membranes:
Again, this is the role of cytotoxic T cells, not helper T cells.
D. They are non-responsive during active infections:
Helper T cells are highly active during infections, directing other immune cells. They are not non-responsive.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Alkalosis and insomnia:
Alkalosis does not trigger sickling; acidosis (low pH) is more harmful. Insomnia alone is not a direct trigger.
B. Reduced stress and warm environmental temperature:
Reduced stress and warmth help prevent crises rather than cause them.
C. Acidosis and dehydration:
Acidosis promotes sickling of RBCs, and dehydration increases blood viscosity, both triggering vaso-occlusive crises.
D. High fat diet and hyperoxia:
A high-fat diet is linked to cardiovascular disease, and hyperoxia (excess oxygen) is not a trigger for sickling.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Isotonic: An isotonic solution has the same solute concentration as blood plasma; thus, 0.9% NaCl does not cause cells to shrink or swell.
B. Exotonic: "Exotonic" is not a recognized term in fluid balance or physiology.
C. Hypotonic: A hypotonic solution (like 0.45% NaCl) has a lower solute concentration than blood, causing water to move into cells, possibly leading to swelling.
D. Hypertonic: A hypertonic solution (like 3% NaCl) has a higher solute concentration than blood, causing water to leave cells and leading to cell shrinkage.
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