What diagnostic test can be used to determine GFR as well as glomerular damage?
Renal biopsy
Routine urinalysis
Renal scan
Creatinine clearance
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason : A renal biopsy is an invasive procedure that can directly assess the extent of glomerular damage and is considered the gold standard for diagnosing the cause of abnormal GFR.
Choice B reason : Routine urinalysis can detect abnormalities in the urine but cannot quantify GFR or directly assess glomerular damage.
Choice C reason : A renal scan can evaluate renal perfusion and function but is less specific for glomerular damage compared to a biopsy.
Choice D reason : Creatinine clearance can estimate GFR but does not provide information on the specific cause of glomerular damage.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Genetics play a significant role in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). While MS is not directly inherited, certain genetic markers can increase susceptibility. Studies have shown that individuals with a first-degree relative with MS have a higher risk compared to the general population.
Choice B reason: Environmental factors, such as low vitamin D levels, smoking, and possibly viral infections, are believed to contribute to the risk of developing MS. Geographic location, particularly living further from the equator, has also been associated with a higher incidence of MS, which may be related to sun exposure and vitamin D synthesis.
Choice C reason: While upper respiratory infections can trigger exacerbations in individuals with existing MS, they are not identified as a direct contributing factor to the development of the disease itself.
Choice D reason: MS is considered an autoimmune disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks the central nervous system. This immune-mediated process targets the myelin sheath, leading to inflammation and characteristic lesions.
Choice E reason: Urinary tract infections are a common complication in individuals with MS due to bladder dysfunction, but they are not a contributing factor to the development of MS.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Inadequate retention of serum sodium is not typically associated with anemia in chronic renal failure.
Choice B reason: Inadequate production of erythropoietin is the correct answer because the kidneys produce erythropoietin, which stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells. In chronic renal failure, the kidneys cannot produce enough erythropoietin, leading to anemia.
Choice C reason: While blood loss in the urine can occur, it is not the primary cause of anemia in chronic renal failure.
Choice D reason: Renal desensitization to Vitamin D affects bone health and calcium levels but is not the primary cause of anemia in chronic renal failure.
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