What factors affect physiological response to drug use?

Age, weight, and sex

Marital status and family history.

Diet and exercise

Socioeconomic status and education level

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A) Age, weight, and sex:
Age, weight, and sex are key factors that significantly affect an individual's physiological response to drug use. These factors influence how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes medications. For example, older adults may have slower metabolism and decreased renal function, requiring dosage adjustments. Body weight can affect the distribution of drugs, with heavier individuals potentially requiring higher doses for the same therapeutic effect. Sex also plays a role, as men and women can have differences in drug absorption and metabolism due to hormonal and physiological variations.

B) Marital status and family history:
Marital status and family history do not directly affect the physiological response to medications in the way that biological factors like age, weight, and sex do. While family history may provide insights into genetic predispositions for certain diseases, it does not significantly impact the pharmacodynamics of most medications. Marital status is largely a social factor and does not influence drug metabolism or effects.

C) Diet and exercise:
Diet and exercise can influence drug absorption and metabolism to some extent, but they are not as direct or universal in their impact as factors like age, weight, and sex. For example, high-fat meals can delay the absorption of certain medications, and exercise can affect the metabolism of some drugs. However, these are secondary factors compared to biological characteristics such as age and weight that directly alter how the body processes drugs.

D) Socioeconomic status and education level:
While socioeconomic status and education level can influence medication adherence and access to healthcare, they do not directly affect the body's physiological response to drugs. These factors may affect how a patient manages their health or accesses medical care, but they do not influence the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of drugs in the body.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) Transdermal patch:
Transdermal patches are designed for slow, continuous delivery of medication through the skin over a long period of time, typically 24 hours. Although they provide steady medication levels, they do not offer a rapid onset of action. This route is more suitable for long-term control of conditions like angina but is not the fastest for immediate relief.

B) Topical ointment:
Topical ointments are applied to the skin and absorb slowly. While they may have local effects, they are not used for quick systemic effects. In the case of nitroglycerin, topical ointments are generally used for sustained release over several hours and are not intended for immediate relief of chest pain.

C) Suspended release:
Suspended release formulations are designed to release the drug slowly over time. Like transdermal patches, these formulations are meant for long-term management, not for rapid onset. A suspended release formulation of nitroglycerin would not provide the immediate relief that is typically needed in cases of acute angina or chest pain.

D) Sublingual:
The sublingual route provides the most rapid onset of action for nitroglycerin. When nitroglycerin is placed under the tongue, it is absorbed directly into the bloodstream through the mucous membranes of the mouth. This bypasses the digestive system and the liver (first-pass metabolism), allowing the drug to take effect quickly—usually within 1 to 3 minutes—making it ideal for acute relief of chest pain or angina. This route is commonly used for emergencies when rapid relief is needed.

A. 28 B. 27 C. 16.67 D. 17 E. 17

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Given:

Volume of fluid: 1 liter = 1000 mL

Infusion time: 6 hours

Drop factor: 10 gtt/mL

Formula:

Flow rate (gtt/min) = (Volume (mL) / Time (hr)) x Drop factor (gtt/mL) / 60 min/hr

Step 1: Calculate the infusion rate in mL/hr:

Infusion rate (mL/hr) = Volume (mL) / Time (hr)

Infusion rate (mL/hr) = 1000 mL / 6 hr

Infusion rate (mL/hr) = 166.67 mL/hr

Step 2: Calculate the flow rate in gtt/min:

Flow rate (gtt/min) = (Infusion rate (mL/hr) x Drop factor (gtt/mL)) / 60 min/hr

Flow rate (gtt/min) = (166.67 mL/hr x 10 gtt/mL) / 60 min/hr

Flow rate (gtt/min) = 1666.7 gtt/hr / 60 min/hr

Flow rate (gtt/min) = 27.78 gtt/min

Step 3: Round to the nearest whole number:

Flow rate (gtt/min) ≈ 28 gtt/min

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What factors affect physiological response to drug use?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a group of nurses about the administration of nitroglycerin. Which of the following routes of administration provides the most rapid onset for the client?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Order: 1 liter or 1000 mL of D5W to infuse over 6 hours Available: Macrodrip set: 10 gtt/mL The IV flow rate would be ______gtt/min.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Using abbreviations and the rules of the metric system, express the following quantities correctly: Six hundredth:

Which factors may affect drug absorption? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

What factors affect physiological response to drug use?

Before drug reconstitution, the nurse would check the drug circular and/or drug label for instructions. After a drug has been reconstituted and additional doses are available, which information would the nurse write on the drug label? (Select all that apply.)

A nurse is collecting data from a client prior to the administration of digoxin. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?

CALCULATE FLOW RATES IN DROPS PER MINUTES: Order: Zosyn 1.3 g in 100 mL D5W IVPB 98h to infuse over 30 min. Drop factor: 60 gtt/mL. Determine rate in gtt/min.