What is a closed fracture?

In a closed fracture, where the skin remains intact over the fractured bone, intense localized pain and tenderness at the fracture site are common symptoms. The skin acts as a barrier, preventing bone fragments from protruding through the skin.

a. Bone fragments protruding through the skin: This symptom is associated with an open or compound fracture, where the bone pierces through the skin.
b. Visible deformity at the fracture site: Visible deformity may occur in both closed and open fractures, but it is not specific to closed fractures.
d. Open wound with bleeding at the fracture site: An open wound with bleeding is characteristic of an open or compound fracture, not a closed fracture.

X-ray (radiography) is the most common imaging modality used to diagnose fractures in the emergency department. X-rays can visualize the bone's structure and detect fractures, bone displacement, or other abnormalities.

a. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): MRI is useful for soft tissue evaluation but is not routinely used for initial fracture diagnosis in the emergency department.
b. Computed Tomography (CT): CT scans provide detailed cross-sectional images of bones and soft tissues, but they are not typically the first-line imaging for initial fracture assessment in the emergency department.
d. Ultrasound: Ultrasound is useful for certain soft tissue evaluations but is not commonly used for diagnosing fractures.