What is Precision Medicine?

A. The patients: While patients play a role in cost containment through their healthcare choices and behaviors, they do not have the primary responsibility.

B. Both physicians and patients: Physicians and patients contribute to cost containment efforts, but they are not primarily responsible for it.

C. The private sector: The primary responsibility of cost containment in the United States lies with the private sector, including insurance companies, employers, and healthcare providers, who implement policies and practices to manage and reduce healthcare costs.

D. The nursing unions: Nursing unions advocate for better working conditions and patient care but do not have primary responsibility for cost containment.

Rationale:

A. Right to make an informed choice regarding medical treatment, including the right to refuse

treatment: Informed consent refers to the ethical and legal principle that ensures patients have the right to make informed decisions about their medical care, including the risks, benefits, and

alternatives to treatment. It requires healthcare providers to provide patients with relevant information to enable them to make decisions consistent with their preferences and values.

B. Allows a hospital to participate in Medicare and Medicaid: This option describes a hospital's eligibility to participate in government healthcare programs and is not related to informed consent.

C. Value-based care that needs to go beyond the assessment of safety and effectiveness: This option describes the concept of value-based care, which emphasizes improving patient outcomes and experiences while controlling costs. It is not directly related to informed consent.

D. Differences of opinion on what constitutes extraordinary or heroic measures to sustain a person's life: This describes ethical considerations in end-of-life care and is not specifically related to the concept of informed consent.