What is the primary legal basis that supports a patient's right to refuse medical advice?
Medical malpractice prevention
Informed consent
Patient confidentiality
Advance directives
The Correct Answer is B
A. Medical malpractice prevention: Malpractice prevention relates to protecting healthcare providers from negligence claims but does not establish a patient’s right to refuse care. It is focused on provider accountability, not patient autonomy.
B. Informed consent: Informed consent ensures that patients receive adequate information about the benefits, risks, and alternatives of treatment before agreeing or refusing to proceed. This legal and ethical principle upholds the patient’s right to autonomy and self-determination.
C. Patient confidentiality: Confidentiality protects private health information but does not give the patient the legal right to refuse treatment. It governs how information is shared, not decision-making authority about care.
D. Advance directives: Advance directives are used to communicate treatment preferences when a patient is unable to speak for themselves. While important, they do not serve as the primary legal foundation for a competent patient’s immediate right to refuse treatment.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. When the client has the urge to defecate: Bowel training is most effective when the client responds to the natural urge to defecate. Promptly assisting the client to the toilet helps establish regular bowel habits and reinforces the body’s natural signals, promoting continence over time.
B. After the client feels abdominal cramping: Waiting until cramping occurs may be too late and can lead to discomfort or accidents. Bowel training focuses on responding to the early urge rather than waiting for strong physical cues.
C. Every 2 hr while the client is awake: Scheduled toileting at fixed intervals can support bowel training, but it is most effective when combined with responding to the client’s natural urge. Rigid timing alone may not align with the body’s rhythm.
D. Immediately before the client has a meal: While taking advantage of the gastrocolic reflex after meals can be helpful, it should be combined with responding to urges. Training solely before meals may not address the client’s individual bowel patterns effectively.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Pulmonary edema: Pulmonary edema presents with crackles, dyspnea, and sometimes frothy sputum due to fluid accumulation in the alveoli. It does not usually manifest as decreased breath sounds in the lower lobes alone.
B. Atelectasis: Prolonged bedrest reduces lung expansion, particularly in the lower lobes, leading to alveolar collapse and atelectasis. This condition is characterized by diminished or absent breath sounds in affected areas and is common in immobilized or post-injury clients.
C. Delayed gastric emptying: This is a gastrointestinal complication, not a respiratory one. It may cause bloating or nausea but has no direct effect on lung sounds or breath sound assessment.
D. An upper respiratory infection: Infections of the upper airway generally cause congestion, cough, and sometimes rhonchi or wheezes. They are not associated with decreased breath sounds localized to the lower lobes.
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