What is the primary pathogenesis of acne vulgaris?

Explanation: The clinical manifestation described in option c (erythematous, raised plaques with silver scales) is not commonly seen in acne vulgaris. This description is characteristic of psoriasis, a chronic autoimmune skin condition. Acne vulgaris is characterized by the presence of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts on the skin, primarily affecting the face, neck, chest, and back.

Incorrect choices: a. Comedones (blackheads and whiteheads) - This choice is incorrect. Comedones are a hallmark clinical feature of acne vulgaris, and they occur when hair follicles become clogged with sebum and dead skin cells.

b. Papules and pustules - This choice is incorrect. Papules are small, red, inflamed bumps, while pustules are pus-filled lesions. Both are common manifestations of acne vulgaris.

d. Nodules and cysts - This choice is incorrect. Nodules and cysts are severe forms of acne vulgaris, characterized by larger, painful, and deeper lesions beneath the skin's surface. They are more likely to cause scarring and require medical intervention.

Explanation: Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that affects the hair follicles and sebaceous glands. It is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts. While hygiene and diet may play a role in acne development, they are not the sole causes. Acne is primarily influenced by hormonal factors, excessive sebum production, abnormal keratinization of hair follicles, and inflammation.

Incorrect choices: a. A skin condition caused by a lack of proper hygiene - This choice is incorrect because while proper hygiene is essential for maintaining skin health, acne is not solely caused by poor hygiene practices. Other factors like hormonal imbalances and inflammation play a more significant role in acne development.

b. A bacterial infection resulting from poor diet - This choice is incorrect because acne is not a bacterial infection caused by diet alone. While bacteria, particularly Propionibacterium acnes, are associated with acne lesions, the primary causes are related to hormonal changes and abnormal sebum production.

d. A viral skin infection transmitted through direct contact - This choice is incorrect because acne is not a viral infection and is not transmitted through direct contact. Acne is a non-communicable skin condition influenced by various internal and external factors, but not by a virus.