What is the primary pathogenesis of acne vulgaris?

Explanation: Oral retinoids, such as isotretinoin, are beneficial for severe acne vulgaris and can effectively reduce sebum production, skin inflammation, and acne lesions.

Incorrect choices: a. Oral antihistamine - Oral antihistamines are not typically used to treat acne vulgaris. They are used to manage allergy symptoms but do not target the underlying causes of acne.

b. Oral corticosteroid - Oral corticosteroids may be used in some cases of severe inflammation, but they are not a primary treatment for acne vulgaris and have potential side effects with long-term use.

d. Oral antibiotic - Oral antibiotics are used to treat acne when there is bacterial involvement, but they may not be as effective as oral retinoids in severe cases and may contribute to antibiotic resistance over time.

Explanation: Choice b is correct because non-comedogenic makeup products are formulated not to clog pores, which can help prevent further acne breakouts. Other makeup products may contribute to pore blockages and exacerbate acne.

Incorrect choices: a. "Apply oil-based moisturizers to keep the skin hydrated." - Oil-based moisturizers can be heavy and may contribute to clogged pores, worsening acne in some cases.

c. "Exfoliate the skin daily to remove dead skin cells." - Daily exfoliation can irritate the skin and may lead to increased inflammation and breakouts. Gentle exfoliation, no more than two to three times per week, is recommended.

d. "Use hot water to wash your face for better results." - Hot water can strip the skin of its natural oils and lead to dryness and irritation. Lukewarm water is preferable for cleansing the face to avoid exacerbating acne symptoms.