What is the term for an excess of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood as a result of kidney insufficiency?

Metabolic acidosis is a condition in which there is excess acid in the body fluids.

It causes rapid breathing, confusion, tiredness, headache, and increased heart rate.

Rapid breathing is a compensatory mechanism that helps to lower the carbon dioxide levels and increase the pH of the blood.

Choice B is wrong because decreased respiratory rate would worsen the acidosis by retaining more carbon dioxide and lowering the pH of the blood.

Choice C is wrong because normal respiratory rate would not be adequate to compensate for the metabolic acidosis and would result in acidemia (low blood pH).

Choice D is wrong because irregular respiratory rate is not a typical response to metabolic acidosis and could indicate other problems such as brain injury or drug overdose.

Dysuria, which means pain or a burning sensation when peeing, is a common symptom of urinary tract infection (UTI).

UTIs are caused by bacteria entering the urinary tract through the urethra and spreading to the bladder or kidneys.

Choice A is wrong because nausea is not a specific symptom of UTI, although it may occur if the infection spreads to the kidneys.

Choice B is wrong because diarrhea is not a symptom of UTI, but rather a condition that affects the digestive system.

Choice D is wrong because constipation is also not a symptom of UTI, but a problem with bowel movements.

Normal ranges for urine tests vary depending on the type of test and the laboratory that performs it.

However, some general ranges are:

Specific gravity: 1.005 to 1.030

pH: 4.6 to 8.0

Protein: less than 150 mg/dL Glucose: less than 130 mg/dL Ketones: none

Blood: none Nitrites: none

Leukocyte esterase: none Bacteria: none or few

White blood cells: less than 5 per high-power field Red blood cells: less than 3 per high-power field Epithelial cells: few