What is the underlying rationale for why a nurse assesses a client with emphysema for clinical indicators of hypoxia?

Increased mucus production blocks the alveoli

Infections decrease ventilation

Lack of adequate surface area for aeration

Inflammation of the bronchioles decreases breathing capacity

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Increased mucus production blocking the alveoli is incorrect. While mucus production can be an issue in COPD, it is more characteristic of chronic bronchitis rather than emphysema.
B. Infections decreasing ventilation is incorrect. Although infections can worsen emphysema symptoms, they are not the primary cause of chronic hypoxia in these clients.
C. Lack of adequate surface area for aeration is correct. Emphysema leads to alveolar destruction and loss of elasticity, reducing the surface area available for gas exchange, which causes chronic hypoxia.
D. Inflammation of the bronchioles decreasing breathing capacity is incorrect. While airway inflammation is seen in conditions like asthma and chronic bronchitis, emphysema is primarily characterized by alveolar damage rather than airway inflammation.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Weight loss is not a common side effect of prednisone. Instead, prednisone often causes weight gain due to fluid retention and increased appetite.
B. Dry mouth can occur with prednisone use, although it is less common than other side effects.
C. Hyperglycemia is a common side effect. Corticosteroids like prednisone can increase blood glucose levels, which is particularly concerning for clients with diabetes.
D. Decreased wound healing is a known side effect. Prednisone suppresses the immune system and inflammatory response, leading to delayed tissue repair.

A. Stress testing B. D-Dimer C. Electrocardiogram D. Pulmonary function testing

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Stress testing evaluates cardiac function and ischemia but is not used to diagnose a pulmonary embolism (PE).
B. D-Dimer is correct. D-Dimer is a blood test that detects fibrin degradation products, which are elevated when a blood clot forms and breaks down, making it a useful screening test for pulmonary embolism. However, a positive D-Dimer is not diagnostic, and further imaging (e.g., CT pulmonary angiography) is required.
C. Electrocardiogram (ECG) may show changes (e.g., sinus tachycardia, right heart strain) but does not confirm PE.
D. Pulmonary function testing assesses lung diseases like COPD or asthma but is not used to diagnose PE.

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What is the underlying rationale for why a nurse assesses a client with emphysema for clinical indicators of hypoxia?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The client is being discharged with a prescription of prednisone. Which of the following is not a common side effect for this corticosteroid?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Which diagnostic test may be prescribed to evaluate for the presence of a pulmonary embolism?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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