What type of immunity does a person gain when they receive an infusion of antibodies for short-term protection?

Choice A reason: Fluid excess causes weight gain due to increased water retention in tissues and vascular spaces. This is common in conditions like heart failure or renal dysfunction, where fluid accumulates, increasing body mass, making this a correct manifestation.

Choice B reason: Edema, swelling from fluid accumulation in interstitial spaces, is a hallmark of fluid excess. It occurs when hydrostatic or oncotic pressures are imbalanced, as in heart or kidney failure, making this a correct manifestation.

Choice C reason: Fluid excess typically increases blood pressure due to expanded blood volume, as seen in heart failure. Decreased blood pressure is not a direct result of fluid overload, making this choice incorrect for fluid excess.

Choice D reason: Crackles in the lungs occur in fluid excess, as fluid leaks into alveoli (pulmonary edema) due to increased hydrostatic pressure, often in heart failure. This impairs gas exchange, making this a correct manifestation.

Choice E reason: Jugular vein distension results from fluid excess increasing venous pressure, often in right heart failure. Expanded blood volume distends neck veins, a visible sign of fluid overload, making this a correct manifestation.

Choice A reason: Diabetes insipidus causes excessive water loss via dilute urine, leading to dehydration and decreased blood volume, resulting in hypotension. Reduced vascular pressure is a direct consequence, making this a correct manifestation.

Choice B reason: Increased thirst (polydipsia) occurs in diabetes insipidus as the body compensates for massive water loss through dilute urine, triggered by low antidiuretic hormone or kidney response, making this a correct manifestation.

Choice C reason: Decreased heart rate is not typical; diabetes insipidus causes tachycardia due to dehydration and low blood volume, as the heart compensates for hypotension. Bradycardia does not fit, making this incorrect.

Choice D reason: Decreased urine output is incorrect; diabetes insipidus causes polyuria due to inability to concentrate urine, resulting from deficient antidiuretic hormone or renal response, making this choice incorrect.

Choice E reason: Increased glucose level is unrelated to diabetes insipidus, which affects water balance, not glucose metabolism. Hyperglycemia occurs in diabetes mellitus, not insipidus, making this choice incorrect.