What is the best description of the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis?
Metabolic deficit of dystrophin leads to necrosis of muscle cells.
Infection of the bone caused by bacteria or fungi.
Loss of bone matrix resulting in thin, fragile bones.
Degenerative joint disease resulting in loss of cartilage.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: A metabolic deficit of dystrophin causing muscle cell necrosis describes muscular dystrophy, not osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis involves joint cartilage degradation, not muscle pathology. Dystrophin deficiency affects muscle fiber integrity, unrelated to the joint-specific degenerative process of osteoarthritis, making this choice incorrect.
Choice B reason: Bone infection, or osteomyelitis, is caused by bacteria or fungi, leading to bone destruction. Osteoarthritis is a non-infectious degenerative condition affecting cartilage and subchondral bone due to mechanical stress and aging, not infection, making this choice incorrect for osteoarthritis’s pathophysiology.
Choice C reason: Loss of bone matrix causing fragile bones describes osteoporosis, not osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis primarily involves cartilage breakdown and joint inflammation, with secondary bone changes like osteophytes, not systemic bone density loss, making this choice incorrect for the joint-focused pathology.
Choice D reason: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive cartilage loss due to mechanical stress, inflammation, and aging. This leads to joint pain, stiffness, and bone remodeling, such as osteophyte formation, accurately describing the pathophysiology and making this the correct choice.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Melena is dark, tarry stool due to upper gastrointestinal bleeding, not greasy or foul-smelling from malabsorption. It results from digested blood, not fat malabsorption, making this choice incorrect for the described diarrhea.
Choice B reason: Small-volume diarrhea is typically due to inflammation, like in inflammatory bowel disease, not malabsorption. It lacks the greasy, foul-smelling quality of fat malabsorption, making this choice incorrect for malabsorption-related diarrhea.
Choice C reason: Steatorrhea is greasy, foul-smelling diarrhea caused by fat malabsorption, common in disorders like celiac disease or pancreatic insufficiency. Undigested fats in stool cause its characteristic appearance and odor, making this the correct choice.
Choice D reason: Osmotic diarrhea results from unabsorbed solutes, like lactose intolerance, causing watery stools, not specifically greasy or foul-smelling. It lacks the fat content of steatorrhea, making this choice incorrect for malabsorption diarrhea.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Visceral pain arises from internal organs due to stretching or inflammation, not from musculoskeletal injuries like an ankle sprain. An ankle sprain causes localized tissue damage, producing sharp, immediate pain, not the dull, diffuse pain typical of visceral sources, making this incorrect.
Choice B reason: Chronic pain persists beyond three months, often from ongoing conditions like arthritis. An ankle sprain causes immediate, short-term pain due to acute tissue injury, not prolonged pain, making chronic pain incorrect for the immediate aftermath of a sprain.
Choice C reason: Acute pain occurs immediately after injury, like an ankle sprain, due to tissue damage, inflammation, and activation of nociceptors. It is sharp and localized, resolving with healing, matching the description of pain right after a sprain, making this the correct choice.
Choice D reason: Referred pain is felt in a different area from the injury source, such as shoulder pain from a heart attack. An ankle sprain causes localized pain at the injury site, not referred pain, making this choice incorrect for the described scenario.
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