A person who is lethargic with dry mucous membranes reports having watery diarrhea and feeling lightheaded and will most likely have which additional manifestation of dehydration?
Bradycardia
Eupnea
Orthostatic hypotension
Elevated blood pressure
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Bradycardia, or slow heart rate, is not typically associated with dehydration. Dehydration reduces blood volume, triggering compensatory tachycardia to maintain cardiac output. Bradycardia may occur in severe cases with electrolyte imbalances, but it is not a primary manifestation, making this choice incorrect for dehydration.
Choice B reason: Eupnea refers to normal breathing. Dehydration does not directly alter respiratory rate unless severe metabolic acidosis occurs, prompting compensatory hyperventilation. The described symptoms suggest hypovolemia, not respiratory changes, so eupnea is not an additional manifestation of dehydration, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Orthostatic hypotension, a drop in blood pressure upon standing, occurs in dehydration due to reduced blood volume from fluid loss (e.g., diarrhea). This hypovolemia impairs the body’s ability to maintain blood pressure during positional changes, leading to lightheadedness, making this the correct additional manifestation.
Choice D reason: Elevated blood pressure is not associated with dehydration. Hypovolemia from fluid loss causes low blood pressure due to decreased cardiac output. The body’s compensatory mechanisms, like vasoconstriction, aim to maintain pressure but do not elevate it above normal, making this choice incorrect.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Air trapping in COPD, due to alveolar destruction and loss of elasticity, causes lung overinflation, increasing the anteroposterior chest diameter, resulting in a barrel chest. This is a direct consequence, making this the correct choice.
Choice B reason: Cyanosis occurs in COPD from hypoxia due to impaired gas exchange, not directly from air trapping. While common in advanced disease, it is not the primary manifestation of overinflation, making this incorrect.
Choice C reason: Clubbed fingers result from chronic hypoxia in COPD, not directly from air trapping. They develop over time due to tissue remodeling, not lung overinflation, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: Lack of appetite is a systemic symptom in advanced COPD due to energy expenditure or hypoxia, not a direct result of air trapping or lung overinflation, making this choice incorrect.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Passive natural immunity occurs via natural antibody transfer, like breast milk. Infusion of antibodies is an artificial process, not natural, providing temporary protection, making this choice incorrect for the described immunity type.
Choice B reason: Active artificial immunity involves vaccination, stimulating the body to produce its own antibodies. Antibody infusion provides pre-formed antibodies, not active production, making this choice incorrect for the described immunity mechanism.
Choice C reason: Active natural immunity results from natural infection, leading to the body’s antibody production. Infusion of antibodies is artificial and passive, not requiring immune activation, making this choice incorrect for the scenario.
Choice D reason: Passive artificial immunity occurs when pre-formed antibodies are infused, providing immediate but temporary protection without immune system activation. This matches the described antibody infusion, making this the correct choice.
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