A person who is lethargic with dry mucous membranes reports having watery diarrhea and feeling lightheaded and will most likely have which additional manifestation of dehydration?
Bradycardia
Eupnea
Orthostatic hypotension
Elevated blood pressure
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Bradycardia, or slow heart rate, is not typically associated with dehydration. Dehydration reduces blood volume, triggering compensatory tachycardia to maintain cardiac output. Bradycardia may occur in severe cases with electrolyte imbalances, but it is not a primary manifestation, making this choice incorrect for dehydration.
Choice B reason: Eupnea refers to normal breathing. Dehydration does not directly alter respiratory rate unless severe metabolic acidosis occurs, prompting compensatory hyperventilation. The described symptoms suggest hypovolemia, not respiratory changes, so eupnea is not an additional manifestation of dehydration, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Orthostatic hypotension, a drop in blood pressure upon standing, occurs in dehydration due to reduced blood volume from fluid loss (e.g., diarrhea). This hypovolemia impairs the body’s ability to maintain blood pressure during positional changes, leading to lightheadedness, making this the correct additional manifestation.
Choice D reason: Elevated blood pressure is not associated with dehydration. Hypovolemia from fluid loss causes low blood pressure due to decreased cardiac output. The body’s compensatory mechanisms, like vasoconstriction, aim to maintain pressure but do not elevate it above normal, making this choice incorrect.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Renal failure causes metabolic acidosis (low pH, low HCO3) due to impaired acid excretion and bicarbonate reabsorption. The low PaCO2 indicates respiratory compensation (hyperventilation) to reduce acidity, matching renal failure’s acid-base profile, making this the correct choice.
Choice B reason: This shows respiratory acidosis (low pH, high PaCO2) with normal HCO3, suggesting lung dysfunction, not renal failure. Renal failure causes metabolic acidosis due to acid retention, not CO2 accumulation, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: This indicates respiratory alkalosis (high pH, low PaCO2) with low HCO3, suggesting hyperventilation, not renal failure. Renal failure leads to metabolic acidosis from acid accumulation, not respiratory changes, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: This shows metabolic alkalosis (high pH, high HCO3), not typical of renal failure, which causes acidosis due to impaired acid excretion. The normal PaCO2 suggests no respiratory compensation, making this choice incorrect for renal failure.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Cortisol, a stress hormone, suppresses immune and inflammatory responses, slowing fibroblast activity and collagen synthesis, which impairs wound healing. This anti-inflammatory effect prioritizes energy allocation to stress response over tissue repair, making decreased wound healing a correct effect of cortisol during stress.
Choice B reason: Cortisol stimulates gastric acid secretion by enhancing gastrin release and reducing mucosal protection, increasing the risk of ulcers. This effect supports energy mobilization during stress by promoting digestion but can lead to gastrointestinal complications, making increased gastric acid secretion a correct effect.
Choice C reason: Cortisol promotes gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in the liver, elevating blood glucose levels to provide energy for the stress response. It also induces insulin resistance, ensuring glucose availability for critical tissues like the brain, making increased blood glucose a correct effect of cortisol.
Choice D reason: Cortisol suppresses the immune response by inhibiting cytokine production and lymphocyte proliferation, reducing inflammation and immune activity. This does not align with increased immune response, as cortisol’s immunosuppressive effects are well-documented, making this choice incorrect for the stress response.
Choice E reason: Cortisol increases blood pressure via mineralocorticoid effects, enhancing sodium retention and vascular tone. This supports cardiovascular stability during stress, not decreased blood pressure, which would be counterproductive in a fight-or-flight response, making this choice incorrect for cortisol’s effects.
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