A person who is lethargic with dry mucous membranes reports having watery diarrhea and feeling lightheaded and will most likely have which additional manifestation of dehydration?
Bradycardia
Eupnea
Orthostatic hypotension
Elevated blood pressure
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Bradycardia, or slow heart rate, is not typically associated with dehydration. Dehydration reduces blood volume, triggering compensatory tachycardia to maintain cardiac output. Bradycardia may occur in severe cases with electrolyte imbalances, but it is not a primary manifestation, making this choice incorrect for dehydration.
Choice B reason: Eupnea refers to normal breathing. Dehydration does not directly alter respiratory rate unless severe metabolic acidosis occurs, prompting compensatory hyperventilation. The described symptoms suggest hypovolemia, not respiratory changes, so eupnea is not an additional manifestation of dehydration, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Orthostatic hypotension, a drop in blood pressure upon standing, occurs in dehydration due to reduced blood volume from fluid loss (e.g., diarrhea). This hypovolemia impairs the body’s ability to maintain blood pressure during positional changes, leading to lightheadedness, making this the correct additional manifestation.
Choice D reason: Elevated blood pressure is not associated with dehydration. Hypovolemia from fluid loss causes low blood pressure due to decreased cardiac output. The body’s compensatory mechanisms, like vasoconstriction, aim to maintain pressure but do not elevate it above normal, making this choice incorrect.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Pyelonephritis, a bacterial kidney infection, causes intrarenal AKI by directly damaging renal parenchyma through inflammation and tubular injury. The infection disrupts nephron function, reducing filtration and leading to acute kidney injury, making this a correct cause of intrarenal damage.
Choice B reason: Nephrotoxins, such as certain drugs or chemicals, cause intrarenal AKI by directly injuring tubular epithelial cells. This disrupts renal filtration and reabsorption, leading to acute kidney injury through toxic cellular damage, making this a correct cause of intrarenal AKI.
Choice C reason: A bladder tumor causes postrenal AKI by obstructing urine outflow, leading to backpressure on the kidneys. It does not directly damage renal parenchyma, as intrarenal AKI requires, making this choice incorrect for intrarenal causes of kidney injury.
Choice D reason: Dehydration causes prerenal AKI by reducing blood volume and renal perfusion, not directly damaging the renal parenchyma. Intrarenal AKI involves intrinsic kidney damage, so dehydration’s hypoperfusion effect makes this choice incorrect for intrarenal AKI.
Choice E reason: Ureteral obstruction causes postrenal AKI by blocking urine flow, increasing pressure on the kidneys. It does not involve direct parenchymal damage, as required for intrarenal AKI, making this choice incorrect for the specified type of kidney injury.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Compression stockings promote venous return, preventing blood stasis and deep vein thrombosis, a common immobility complication. They support circulation in immobile limbs, making this a correct preventive action.
Choice B reason: Adequate hydration prevents dehydration, maintaining blood fluidity and reducing clot risk. It also supports urinary and bowel function, preventing complications like constipation, making this a correct action for immobility.
Choice C reason: Avoiding high-fiber foods increases constipation risk, a complication of immobility. High-fiber diets promote bowel motility, so this choice is incorrect as it worsens, not prevents, immobility complications.
Choice D reason: Weight-bearing exercise maintains muscle and bone strength, preventing atrophy and osteoporosis in immobility. It also improves circulation, reducing clot risk, making this a correct preventive action.
Choice E reason: Deep breathing exercises prevent atelectasis and pneumonia by promoting lung expansion and mucus clearance in immobile individuals, improving oxygenation and reducing infection risk, making this a correct action.
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