When talking about hypertension, we know that it can physiologically be caused by all of the following except

Increase peripheral resistance

Decrease in cardiac output

Both increased cardiac output and peripheral resistance

Increased cardiac output

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Increase peripheral resistance: An increase in peripheral resistance contributes to hypertension by raising the pressure in the arteries. This condition often results from vasoconstriction or structural changes in the blood vessels, leading to higher overall blood pressure.

B. Decrease in cardiac output: A decrease in cardiac output typically does not cause hypertension. In fact, low cardiac output may lead to hypotension (low blood pressure) since there is less blood being pumped into the circulatory system. This option is the exception when discussing physiological causes of hypertension.

C. Both increased cardiac output and peripheral resistance: Both increased cardiac output and peripheral resistance can lead to hypertension. An increase in either factor can elevate blood pressure, and their combined effect can significantly contribute to the development of hypertension.

D. Increased cardiac output: Increased cardiac output raises blood pressure by delivering more blood to the arteries with each heartbeat. This can occur due to various factors such as increased fluid volume, increased heart rate, or heightened contractility of the heart.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Thoracotomy: Thoracotomy involves opening the chest cavity to access the heart and lungs; this surgical approach is not the first-line treatment for pericardial effusion and is more invasive than necessary, potentially leading to increased recovery time and complications.

B. Pericardiocentesis: Pericardiocentesis involves inserting a needle into the pericardial space to remove excess fluid; this procedure is a common and effective treatment for symptomatic large pericardial effusions, providing rapid relief of symptoms such as dyspnea and chest pain while also allowing for diagnostic evaluation of the fluid.

C. Heart catheterization: Heart catheterization involves a diagnostic procedure to assess heart function and blood flow through the coronary arteries; while it provides valuable information regarding cardiac conditions, it is not indicated for treating pericardial effusion and does not address the underlying fluid accumulation.

D. Pericardiectomy: Pericardiectomy involves removing part or all of the pericardium; this surgical procedure is typically reserved for chronic cases or constrictive pericarditis, as it is more invasive and not the immediate treatment option for an acute pericardial effusion, where less invasive options are preferred.

A. Aortic stenosis B. Left-sided heart failure C. Mitral valve prolapse D. Right-sided heart failure

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Aortic stenosis: Aortic stenosis can lead to heart failure due to left ventricular outflow obstruction, but it is not the most direct cause of pulmonary edema. This condition may present with other symptoms, such as chest pain or syncope, rather than fluid accumulation in the lungs.

B. Left-sided heart failure: Left-sided heart failure is a primary cause of pulmonary edema, as it leads to increased pressure in the pulmonary circulation and fluid leakage into the alveoli. Assessing for this condition is crucial, as it directly contributes to the patient's pulmonary edema and requires immediate management.

C. Mitral valve prolapse: Mitral valve prolapse can cause mitral regurgitation and lead to heart failure, but it is less commonly associated with acute pulmonary edema compared to left-sided heart failure. While assessment is important, it is not the priority in this scenario.

D. Right-sided heart failure: Right-sided heart failure typically leads to systemic congestion and peripheral edema rather than pulmonary edema. While it can coexist with left-sided heart failure, it is not the primary concern when assessing a patient specifically for pulmonary edema.

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When talking about hypertension, we know that it can physiologically be caused by all of the following except

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient with severe pericarditis has developed a large pericardial effusion. The patient is symptomatic. The physician orders what type of procedure to help treat this condition?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A patient has pulmonary edema. For what condition should the healthcare professional assess the patient as the priority?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the professional assess for pulmonary emboli (PE) as the priority?

Which long-term resident is most likely to be exhibiting the signs and symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

A patient has been diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). For what other health condition should the healthcare professional assess this patient for as the priority?

A person wishes to reduce the risk of developing coronary artery disease. This person has normal lipid panel. What risk factor reduction would the healthcare professional advise for this person?

Primary hypertension:

Which elevated value may be protective of the development of atherosclerosis?

What cardiac pathologic condition contributes to ventricular remodeling?

Which clinical manifestations would you assess for in a painter with pulmonary hypertension? (Select All that Apply.)