Which age-related changes increase in older people? Select all that apply.

A. Obtain the health history from the client’s medical record.

This provides objective and historical data, not subjective information from the client.

B. Leave the client a questionnaire to fill out in private.

Many older adults may have vision or literacy issues. Also, this does not encourage interaction needed for accurate subjective data collection.

C. Allow sufficient time for the client to respond to questions.

Older adults may need more time to process information and recall experiences. Patience supports effective subjective data collection.

D. Talk to the family members to obtain the client’s health history.

Family input may be helpful, but subjective data should come from the client when possible to reflect their experience.

A. Arthritis

Arthritis, especially osteoarthritis, is the most common cause of functional limitation and disability among older adults.

B. Urinary tract infection

While common in the elderly, UTIs are typically acute conditions and not a leading cause of long-term disability.

C. Macular degeneration

Though this affects vision and can cause impairment, it is less common than arthritis and does not affect mobility.

D. Pressure ulcers

These result from immobility, rather than causing it, and are more of a complication than a primary cause of disability.