Which assessment findings would alert the nurse to an infant or child in heart failure? (Select All that Apply.)

Tachypnea

Wheezes or rales

Bounding pulses

Edematous

Difficulty feeding

Increased comfort laying down

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,D,E

A. Tachypnea. Rapid breathing can indicate respiratory distress associated with heart failure.
B. Wheezes or rales. These are abnormal breath sounds indicating fluid in the lungs, which can occur with heart failure.
C. Bounding pulses. Bounding pulses are not typically associated with heart failure; weak pulses may be present due to poor perfusion.
D. Edematous. Edema can occur due to fluid retention, a sign of heart failure.
E. Difficulty feeding. Poor feeding can result from decreased cardiac output affecting systemic circulation and energy for feeding.
F. Increased comfort laying down. Children with heart failure often prefer sitting upright due to respiratory distress.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Point of maximum impulse is shifted to the right. This is not typically associated with coarctation of the aorta, but with other cardiac abnormalities.
B. Weak or absent lower extremity pulses. Coarctation of the aorta causes narrowing of the aorta, which restricts blood flow to the lower body, leading to diminished pulses in the lower extremities.
C. Apical pulse is greater than radial pulse. This finding is not specifically related to coarctation of the aorta.
D. Systolic murmur at the left sternal border. While murmurs may be present, coarctation typically causes a murmur best heard in the back or left infraclavicular area.

A. Sole creases on heels B. Ruddy skin color C. Flexion of all four (4) extremities D. Scant amount of vernix caseosa

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Sole creases on heels. Sole creases are a sign of maturity and are usually present in full-term infants, not preterm.
B. Ruddy skin color. This is more common in infants with polycythemia or those who are small for gestational age, not specifically linked to prematurity.
C. Flexion of all four extremities. Premature infants typically have less muscle tone and may exhibit less flexion, often appearing more limp or having extended extremities.
D. Scant amount of vernix caseosa. Premature infants typically have more vernix caseosa, which protects their delicate skin in utero. The amount decreases closer to full term, but at 31 weeks, there may still be a moderate amount.

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Which assessment findings would alert the nurse to an infant or child in heart failure? (Select All that Apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

What assessment finding would the nurse expect in an infant with coarctation of the aorta?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a newborn born at 31 weeks' gestation. Which assessment finding should the nurse anticipate?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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