Which cellular organelle is responsible for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production?
Endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosome
Mitochondria
Ribosome
The Correct Answer is C
A. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in the synthesis of proteins and lipids, but it is not responsible for ATP production.
B. Lysosomes are responsible for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris, but they do not play a role in ATP production.
C. Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, where ATP is produced through cellular respiration. They convert nutrients into energy, making them the primary site for ATP production.
D. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, not ATP production. They are found in the cytoplasm and on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. The thyroid gland functions only as an endocrine gland. It secretes hormones like thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) into the bloodstream, but it does not have an exocrine function.
B. The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones into the bloodstream but does not have exocrine functions.
C. The hypothalamus is involved in hormone production and regulation but is considered part of the brain rather than an endocrine or exocrine gland itself.
D. The pancreas functions as both an endocrine and exocrine gland. It produces insulin and glucagon (endocrine functions) and secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine through ducts (exocrine function).
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. In a hypertonic solution, water moves out of the cell into the surrounding fluid, causing the cell to shrink. Therefore, the volume of the cell does not increase.
B. A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes than the inside of the red blood cell. As a result, water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink or decrease in volume.
C. The permeability of the cell membrane is not directly affected by the tonicity of the solution. The change in cell volume is due to the movement of water, not a change in membrane permeability.
D. The permeability of the cell membrane is not typically affected by a hypertonic solution, but rather the osmotic pressure that drives water movement across the membrane. The main effect is on the cell's volume, not its membrane permeability.
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