Which class of antimicrobials does not cause hepatotoxicity?

Cephalosporin

Sulfonamide

Penicillin

Fluroquinolone

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   Cephalosporins are a class of antibiotics that can, in some cases, cause liver enzyme elevations and hepatotoxicity. While not all cephalosporins are associated with significant liver toxicity, there have been reports of liver dysfunction with some members of this class.
B.   Sulfonamides can also cause hepatotoxicity, particularly in certain individuals. They are known to occasionally lead to liver enzyme elevations and even more severe liver damage in susceptible patients.
C.   Penicillins are generally considered safe regarding hepatotoxicity; however, there can be rare instances of liver enzyme elevation associated with some penicillin derivatives, particularly in cases of prolonged use or in patients with existing liver disease. Nonetheless, they are not commonly associated with significant hepatotoxicity.
D.   Fluoroquinolones can cause liver toxicity, although it is relatively rare. Some fluoroquinolones have been associated with elevated liver enzymes and other hepatic issues.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. This is a strong indicator of effectiveness. Both antacids and PPIs aim to reduce gastric acidity, which alleviates symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and discomfort. A decrease in gastric distress suggests that the medications are successfully managing the symptoms of GERD.
B. Amylase is an enzyme primarily related to carbohydrate digestion, and its levels are not directly related to GERD or the effectiveness of antacids and PPIs. Normalizing amylase levels would not indicate the effectiveness of treatment for GERD, making this option irrelevant in this context.
C. While a decrease in vomiting may indicate an improvement in GERD symptoms, it is not the primary focus of treatment with antacids and PPIs. GERD primarily involves symptoms like heartburn and acid reflux rather than vomiting. However, if vomiting was due to severe reflux, improvement might indicate effectiveness.
D. Gastric motility refers to the movement of food through the gastrointestinal tract. While normal gastric motility can be beneficial, antacids and PPIs do not primarily aim to increase motility; their focus is on reducing acidity and managing reflux symptoms.

A. A 33-year-old daycare worker at a high-risk center. B. A 54-year-old nurse working in a nursing home. C. A 16-year-old female high school student. D. A 43-year-old homeless man with a history of alcoholism.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. While daycare workers can be at risk for various infections, they are not typically considered at high risk for TB unless they are in close contact with TB-positive individuals. Therefore, this option does not present the highest likelihood of TB.
B. This individual is at a moderate risk for TB, especially if they are caring for patients with known TB or are in an environment where TB may be more prevalent. However, nursing homes are more often associated with other infections rather than being primary sources for TB outbreaks.
C. High school students are generally not at high risk for TB unless they have specific exposure or travel history. Without additional risk factors, this group does not exhibit a high likelihood of TB.
D. This option represents the highest likelihood of TB. Homeless individuals are at increased risk for TB due to factors such as crowded living conditions, poor nutrition, and lack of access to healthcare.

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Which class of antimicrobials does not cause hepatotoxicity?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse has administered an antacid and a proton pump inhibitor for GERD. Which data would indicate to the nurse that the medications are effective?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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