The nurse is caring for an adolescent with a ruptured appendix. What assessment findings would support the diagnosis of peritonitis?

Hyperactive bowel sounds

Profuse diarrhea

A hard, rigid abdomen

Abdominal cramping

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   This finding is generally not associated with peritonitis. Instead, hyperactive bowel sounds may indicate early gastrointestinal irritation or obstruction. In the case of peritonitis, bowel sounds are often diminished or absent due to the inflammation and irritation of the peritoneum.
B.   Profuse diarrhea is not a typical sign of peritonitis. While gastrointestinal disturbances can occur, diarrhea is more commonly associated with infections or irritations of the intestines rather than with peritonitis itself. Peritonitis typically presents with symptoms related to abdominal rigidity and pain.
C.   A hard, rigid abdomen is a classic sign of peritonitis. It indicates involuntary guarding, which occurs as a response to inflammation and irritation of the peritoneum. The rigidity reflects the body's protective mechanism against pain and is a significant assessment finding.

D.   While abdominal cramping can occur in various gastrointestinal conditions, it is not a specific indicator of peritonitis. In cases of peritonitis, the pain is often more severe and localized rather than cramping. The patient may experience sharp, steady pain that worsens with movement.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. The area should be cleansed gently before applying the cream to remove any irritants and allow for better absorption of the medication. Proper cleansing can help enhance the effectiveness of the corticosteroid.
B. Topical corticosteroids should be applied in a thin layer to the affected area and gently rubbed in. Applying too much can increase the risk of side effects, and a thin application ensures better absorption without overwhelming the skin.
C. The corticosteroid should be applied only to the affected areas of the skin, not the entire body. Overuse can lead to systemic absorption and potential side effects, particularly in children, whose skin is more permeable.
D. While it is important to cover the affected areas, applying a thick layer is not recommended. A thin layer is usually sufficient and minimizes the risk of side effects from excessive corticosteroid use.

A. Inhaling airborne germs, such as after someone coughs. B. Eating meat that is undercooked C. Eating contaminated food D. Drinking from the cup of a person with the infection

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Mononucleosis, often caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), is not primarily spread through airborne droplets like some respiratory infections. While some respiratory secretions may be involved, it is not the main transmission route.
B. Mononucleosis is not transmitted through undercooked meat. This mode of transmission is more relevant for certain foodborne illnesses but not for viral infections like EBV.
C. Mononucleosis is not transmitted through contaminated food. This route is typical for various foodborne pathogens but does not apply to EBV.
D. Mononucleosis is often referred to as the "kissing disease" because it can be transmitted through saliva. Sharing drinks, utensils, or engaging in close personal contact with someone who has the infection can spread the virus.

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The nurse is caring for an adolescent with a ruptured appendix. What assessment findings would support the diagnosis of peritonitis?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

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