Which client has the greatest need for special mouth care?

Insulin injection sites are rotated to prevent lipodystrophy, which is a condition where the fat tissue under the skin becomes lumpy or dented due to repeated injections.

Lipodystrophy can affect the absorption and effectiveness of insulin.

Choice A is wrong because bruising is not a common complication of insulin

injections. Bruising can occur if the needle hits a blood vessel, but this can be avoided by using a new needle each time and applying gentle pressure after the injection.

Choice B is wrong because infection is not a common complication of insulin

injections. Infection can occur if the skin is not cleaned properly before the injection or if the needle is contaminated, but this can be prevented by washing the hands and using alcohol swabs.

Choice C is wrong because bleeding is not a common complication of insulin

injections. Bleeding can occur if the needle hits a blood vessel, but this can be minimized by using a new needle each time and applying gentle pressure after the injection.

Choice A is wrong because women are more at risk for hip fractures than men.

This is partly because women lose bone density faster than men do, especially after menopause.

Choice C is wrong because an increase in estrogen will not weaken the bones. In fact, estrogen helps protect the bones from osteoporosis, which is a leading cause of hip fracture.

Some other risk factors for hip fracture include:

• Excessive alcohol and caffeine consumption
• Lack of physical activity
• Low body weight
• Tall stature
• Vision problems
• Dementia
• Medications that cause bone loss
• Cigarette smoking
• Institutional living, such as an assisted-care facility
• Increased risk for falls, related to conditions such as weakness, disability, or unsteady gait

Normal ranges for bone density vary by age and sex, but generally, a T-score of -1.0 or above is considered normal, while a T-score of -2.5 or below is considered osteoporotic. A T-score between -1.0 and -2.5 is considered osteopenic, which means low bone mass.