Which of the following statements is true about analgesic medications for older adults?
Over-the-counter NSAIDs are generally harmless.
Stool softeners and laxatives should be used with opioids.
Opioids are less effective in older clients than in younger clients.
The dose limit for acetaminophen is difficult to reach for older adults.
None of the above.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Over-the-counter NSAIDs are generally harmless is not a true statement, as NSAIDs can cause serious adverse effects in older adults, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, renal impairment, hypertension, and heart failure. NSAIDs should be used with caution and under medical supervision in older adults.
Choice B reason: Stool softeners and laxatives should be used with opioids is a true statement, as opioids can cause constipation in older adults, which can lead to discomfort, abdominal pain, fecal impaction, and bowel obstruction. Stool softeners and laxatives can help prevent and treat constipation and promote regular bowel movements.
Choice C reason: Opioids are less effective in older clients than in younger clients is not a true statement, as opioids can have the same or even greater analgesic effect in older adults, depending on the dose, route, and duration of administration. However, opioids can also cause more side effects in older adults, such as sedation, confusion, respiratory depression, and falls. Opioids should be used with caution and under medical supervision in older adults.
Choice D reason: The dose limit for acetaminophen is difficult to reach for older adults is not a true statement, as older adults may be more susceptible to acetaminophen toxicity, especially if they have liver disease, malnutrition, or chronic alcohol use. The dose limit for acetaminophen is 4 grams per day for adults, but it may be lower for older adults or those with risk factors. Acetaminophen should be used with caution and under medical supervision in older adults.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Regular exercise should exceed 30 minutes three times a week, not not exceed. Exercise helps lower blood glucose levels and improve insulin sensitivity.
Choice B reason: A walking program is recommended for an older adult with diabetes, not not recommended. Walking is a low-impact, moderate-intensity exercise that can benefit people with diabetes.
Choice C reason: Insulin can not be discontinued if the individual adheres to the walking program, not most probably. Insulin is a vital hormone that regulates blood glucose levels and prevents complications from diabetes. Exercise alone is not enough to replace insulin therapy.
Choice D reason: This is the correct answer because it helps the individual maintain a consistent blood glucose level and avoid hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. It also helps the individual plan their insulin doses and meals accordingly.
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Isolated systolic hypertension is not a result of end-organ damage from chronic hypertension, but rather a risk factor for it. Isolated systolic hypertension is a condition where the systolic blood pressure is elevated (>140 mmHg) while the diastolic blood pressure is normal (<90 mmHg). It is common in older adults due to the stiffening of the arteries, and can increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.
Choice B reason: Atrial fibrillation is a result of end-organ damage from chronic hypertension. Atrial fibrillation is an irregular and often rapid heart rate that can cause poor blood flow and increase the risk of stroke and heart failure. Chronic hypertension can damage the heart muscle and the electrical system of the heart, leading to atrial fibrillation.
Choice C reason: Renal insufficiency is a result of end-organ damage from chronic hypertension. Renal insufficiency is a condition where the kidneys are unable to filter waste and fluid from the blood adequately. Chronic hypertension can damage the blood vessels and the nephrons of the kidneys, leading to renal insufficiency.
Choice D reason: Stroke is a result of end-organ damage from chronic hypertension. Stroke is a sudden interruption of blood supply to the brain, causing brain cell death and neurological deficits. Chronic hypertension can damage the blood vessels in the brain, making them prone to rupture (hemorrhagic stroke) or blockage (ischemic stroke).
Choice E reason: Cardiac disease is a result of end-organ damage from chronic hypertension. Cardiac disease is a broad term that encompasses various disorders of the heart, such as coronary artery disease, heart attack, heart failure, and cardiomyopathy. Chronic hypertension can damage the heart by increasing the workload and the oxygen demand of the heart, causing the heart to enlarge and weaken over time.
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